NICHD HUMAN BIOSPECIMEN REPOSITORY - RHODE ISLAND CHILDRENS HEALTH EQUITY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY (ENRICHED) REPOSITORY

包括贫困和歧视在内的早期生活条件在整个过程中都会产生健康差距 通过传播在弱势群体中变得更加根深蒂固的生命 几代人。在美国，这些差异表现在预期寿命和 慢性疾病，起源于生命的早期；早在出生前就有。低收入的成年人 社会经济地位，特别是少数族裔经历了不成比例的高死亡率 精神病理学，包括抑郁症，这与早产有很好的联系 分娩和其他不良产科结局。父母的心理健康，这与 社会和经济上的劣势以及儿童发展的差异，可能起到关键作用 在代际差异传递中的中介作用，但以前的研究没有 充分考虑了父亲和母亲的精神病态。因此，尽管存在差距，但 健康是有据可查的，影响差异的发展机制 生命的开始并不是，特别是那些导致长期出现发育缺陷的人 在出现疾病之前。 罗德岛儿童健康、平等和发展研究(Rhode Island‘s Health Equity and Development Study，简称Rhode Island’s Health Equity and Development Study)的目的是检验以下假设：低社会经济地位和少数族裔地位会导致父母更高的风险。 精神病理学，妊娠神经内分泌和代谢失调，以及与健康相关的不良 父母和子女的行为都是如此。 在整个研究期间，将从母亲那里收集生物样本。母性 血液样本将用于测量一系列神经内分泌免疫和代谢标记物。 这些代谢物与母亲患妊娠期糖尿病、低出生体重和 出生后体重迅速增加，提示产前母体样本的代谢物谱可用于表征母体妊娠代谢状态，并可预测婴儿早期的神经发育表型。血液也将被用来促进遗传， 表观遗传学和基因表达分析。孕妇的尿液将被用于环境化学物质的浓度分析。 在分娩前后，脐带血也将被收集和加工。脐带血将会是 用于评估神经内分泌免疫和代谢标志物，并促进遗传，表观遗传， 和基因表达分析。 亲生父亲将在面谈时提供一份血液样本。 父亲的血液将用于促进遗传、表观遗传和基因表达分析。如果父亲 不希望采集血液时，将要求取脸颊拭子进行唾液DNA分析。 婴儿将在两次随访中收集头发，以评估皮质醇作为HPA的指标 机能/应激反应。

Early life conditions including poverty and discrimination generate health disparities throughout life that become further entrenched in disadvantaged populations through transmission across generations. In the United States, these disparities manifest in differences in life expectancy and chronic disease and have their origins early in life; as early as the prenatal period. Adults of low socioeconomic status and particularly minorities experience disproportionately high rates of psychopathology, including depression, which bears well-documented associations with preterm delivery and other adverse obstetric outcomes. Parental mental health, which is strongly linked with social and economic disadvantage as well as differences in child development, may play a key mediating role in the transmission of disparities across generations but previous studies have not fully considered paternal as well as maternal psychopathology. As a result, though disparities in health are well documented, the developmental mechanisms that impact disparities at the very beginning of life are not, particularly those which lead to developmental deficits that emerge long before presentation of disease. The aims of the Rhode Island Children’s Health Equity and Development Study (ENRICHED) are to test the hypotheses that low socioeconomic and minority status results in higher risk of parental psychopathology, gestational neuroendocrine and metabolic dysregulation, and poor health-related behaviors in both parents and offspring. Biological samples will be collected from mothers throughout the duration of the study. Maternal blood samples will be used to measure a panel of neuroendocrine-immune and metabolic markers. These metabolites have been related to maternal risk of gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and rapid postnatal weight gain, suggesting that metabolite profiles of maternal samples pre-delivery are useful in characterizing maternal pregnancy metabolic status, and can predict infant neurodevelopmental phenotypes in early childhood. Blood will also be used to facilitate genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression analyses. Maternal urine will be used for assaying the concentration of environmental chemicals. Around the time of delivery, cord blood will also be collected and processed. Cord blood will be used to assess neuroendocrine-immune and metabolic markers and to facilitate genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression analyses. Biological fathers will contribute a single blood sample at the time of their in-person interview. Paternal blood will be used to facilitate genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression analyses. If fathers do not wish to allow blood collection, cheek swabs will be requested for salivary DNA analyses. Infants will have hair collected at both follow-up visits to assess cortisol as an indicator of HPA functioning / stress reactivity.