Natural IgM antilymphocyte autoantibodies inhibit HIV-1

描述(申请人提供)：在感染艾滋病毒-L和艾滋病发作之间的潜伏期有明显的变化。潜伏期由控制病毒传染性的宿主因素决定。趋化因子受体(CCR5和CXCR4)是HIV-1进入细胞的辅助受体。流行病学数据清楚地表明，表达突变CCR5受体的个体的HIV-1感染进展较慢，从而认识到HIV-1与趋化因子受体之间相互作用的关键作用。我们提供的初步数据表明，在正常人血清中存在与淋巴细胞上CCR5和CXCR4结合的IgM自身抗体。此外，我们的初步研究表明，从正常人或无症状的HIV-1感染者获得的IgM抗淋巴细胞抗体显著抑制HIV-1感染细胞。我们已经证明，在艾滋病患者中，具有HIV-1抑制活性的这一亚群IgM抗淋巴细胞自身抗体是耗尽的。在这个阶段，尚不清楚具有HIV-1抑制活性的IgM抗淋巴细胞抗体亚群是否主要是与淋巴细胞上趋化因子受体结合的抗体，或者这个HIV-1抑制亚群是否还包括其他与非趋化因子受体结合的抗体，例如与CD4的抗体。这些IgM抗CCR5和CXCR4自身抗体即使部分抑制趋化因子与受体的结合，也不会显著抑制趋化作用。 在拟议的体外研究中，我们计划将重点放在人类IgM抗淋巴细胞自身抗体上，以更好地表征防止HIV-1感染敏感细胞的抗淋巴细胞抗体亚群。(I)人类B淋巴细胞将被EBV病毒转化，以寻找能与淋巴细胞结合并抑制HIV-1感染性的分泌IgM的B细胞克隆。将对每个克隆进行评估，以确定它们对不同HIV-1毒株的抑制活性范围。几个具有HIV-1抑制活性的单抗IgM克隆将进一步评估它们与趋化因子受体和CD4受体的结合特异性和亲和力，以及它们对趋化作用的影响。(Ii)我们还将确定是否有HIV-1抑制克隆分泌与趋化因子受体没有结合活性的IgM。这些研究的成功将有助于我们更好地了解H1V-1感染的发病机制，并可能为延长HIV-1感染后的无症状状态提供策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a marked variability in the period of latency between infection by HIV- l and the onset of AIDS. The latency period is determined by host factors that control viral infectivity. Chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) serve as co-receptors for HIV-1 entry into cells. The pivotal role of the interactions between HIV-1 and chemokine receptor was realized with epidemiological data clearly demonstrating that individuals expressing mutant CCR5 receptors had a slower progression of their HIV-1 infection. We provide preliminary data indicating that IgM autoantibodies that bind to CCR5 and CXCR4 on lymphocytes are present in normal human serum. Futhermore, our preliminary studies show that IgM anti-lymphocyte antibodies obtained from normal individuals or asymptomatic HIV-1 infected individuals significantly inhibits HIV-1 from infecting cells. We have shown that this subset of IgM antilymphocyte autoantibodies with HIV-1 inhibitory activity is depleted in patients with AIDS. At this stage, it is unclear whether the subset of IgM anti-lymphocyte antibody with HIV-1 inhibitory activity is predominantly the antibody that binds to chemokine receptors on the lymphocyte or whether this HIV-1 inhibitory subset in addition consists of other antibodies binding to non-chemokine receptors, e.g. to CD4. These IgM anti-CCR5 and CXCR4 autoantibodies do not significantly inhibit chemotaxis even though they partially inhibit chemokines from binding to the receptors. In the proposed in-vitro studies, we plan to focus on human IgM anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies to better characterize the subset of anti-lymphocyte antibodies that prevent HIV-1 from infecting susceptible cells. (i) Human B lymphocytes will be transformed with EBV virus in an effort to find B cell clones secreting IgM that bind to lymphocytes and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity. Each clone will be evaluated for their range of inhibitory activity towards a defined panel of different HIV-1 strains. Several of the monoclonal IgM clones with HIV-1 inhibitory activity will be further evaluated for their binding specificity and affinity to chemokine receptors and CD4 receptors and their effect on chemotaxis. (ii) We will also determine if there are HIV-1 inhibitory clones secreting IgM that has no binding activity to chemokine receptors. A successful outcome with the proposed studies could better our understanding on pathogenesis of H1V-1 infection and may provide strategies to prolong the asymptomatic state after HIV-1 infection.