Socially constructing memory and self

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究是基于自传体记忆和相关的自我概念的模型，由听众在谈话中形成。一般模型有两个核心假设。首先，它假定，记忆复述在谈话中是受说话者和听众。第二，会话中的记忆复述影响说话人对复述经验的后续记忆。本研究旨在测试听众的参与和肯定对演讲者讲故事和自我概念的影响，并考察听众的影响是否会随着时间的推移而持续。这是通过操纵听众提供的参与和肯定，评估扬声器的复述和事件相关的自我概念，并通过评估一个月的延迟后，他们复述的事件相关的记忆和自我概念。与不参与的听众相比，参与的听众在复述过程中和长时间内都能引起对事件更详细的记忆。听众谁提供肯定的发言者的自我概念（如在讲故事），预计将支持稳定的事件相关的自我概念随着时间的推移。 研究结果将扩大对听者影响的研究，以个人经验和事件相关的自我概念。它还将有助于理清专注倾听的两个组成部分：倾听者所表现出的参与，以及他们所提供的肯定。最后，研究结果将证实，听众的影响会随着时间的推移而持续。从概念上讲，这些发现将把自传体记忆的研究与心理语言学、自我研究和社会支持的研究联系起来。精细记忆与抑郁和依恋风格等心理健康特征直接相关，并可能通过与自我概念的联系间接影响心理健康。最终，这些研究和相关发现揭示了一种潜在的机制，通过这种机制，社会世界开始影响个人记忆生活和构想自己的方式-这是社会心理学和发展心理学中最古老的问题之一。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed studies are based on a model of autobiographical memory and related self-conceptions as shaped by listeners in conversation. The general model has two core assumptions. First, it posits that memory retelling in conversation is influenced by speakers and listeners. Second, memory retelling in conversation influences speakers' subsequent memory for the retold experiences. The proposed studies test the effect of listeners' engagement and affirmation on speakers' storytelling and self-conceptions, and examine whether the effects of listeners persist over time. This is done by manipulating the engagement and affirmation provided by listeners, assessing speakers' retellings and event-related self-conceptions, and by assessing memory and self-conceptions related to their retold events after a one-month delay. Engaged listeners, as compared to unengaged listeners, are expected to elicit more detailed memory for events both during retelling and over the long-term. Listeners who provide affirmation for speakers' self-conceptions (as expressed in storytelling) are expected to support stability in event-related self-conceptions over time. The results will extend research on listener influences to personal experiences and event-related self-conceptions. It will also help disentangle two components of attentive listening: the engagement exhibited by such listeners, and the affirmation they provide. Finally, the findings will confirm that listener effects persist over time. Conceptually, the findings will connect research on autobiographical memory with work on psycholinguistics, self-research, and research on social support. Elaborative memories are related directly to features of mental health like depression and attachment style and may indirectly influence mental health via their connection to self-conceptions. Ultimately, these studies and related findings reveal a potential mechanism by which the social world comes to influence the way individuals remember their lives and conceive of themselves - among the oldest questions in both social and developmental psychology.