Biological Monitoring of Woodsmoke exposure

描述（由申请人提供）：人类暴露于高水平的木材烟雾与不良健康影响有关，包括哮喘、呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病。仅在美国，每年就有超过10万人暴露在野火、规定烧伤和农田燃烧产生的高水平木材烟雾中。70，000 - 80，000名参与野外灭火的人也会因职业原因接触到大量的木材烟雾。调查木材烟雾暴露和不良健康影响之间的关系受到暴露评估方法不足的阻碍，这导致暴露错误分类，并设置社区影响驱动的管理火灾的指导方针缺乏可靠的响应数据。 该提案的主要目标是开发人类暴露于木材烟雾的生物标志物。初步研究表明，暴露于木材烟雾后，尿液中一些取代的甲氧基化酚类化合物的水平会增加。这是我们的假设，剂量依赖性增加尿中甲氧基酚观察到的摄入或吸入的木材烟雾燃烧产物可以在定量的方式与环境木材烟雾，从而提供了一个生物标志物的基础上评估木材烟雾暴露在职业和环境暴露的人群。 为了验证这一假设，我们计划让人类暴露在明火产生的木材烟雾中。将使用时间积分个人采样和区域监测器来表征暴露。将测量以下参数：颗粒质量、颗粒相关甲氧基苯酚和气相甲氧基苯酚。此外，将使用固定地点的数据记录浊度计和个人浊度计评估时间分辨的暴露。尿甲氧基酚将被确定之前和之后木烟暴露，通过使用气相色谱/质谱。此外，我们计划测量从职业暴露于木材烟雾的野火战士收集的尿液样本中的甲氧基苯酚水平。一个有效的生物标志物的木材烟雾暴露将促进暴露评估的研究调查木材烟雾暴露对人类的不利影响，并可用于评估干预措施的有效性，以减少木材烟雾暴露在家庭和职业环境。这项拟议的研究涉及与哮喘和COPD、暴露评估方法和控制技术/个人防护设备相关的诺拉研究优先事项。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Exposure of humans to high levels of woodsmoke is associated with adverse health effects including asthma, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. In the US alone, more than 100,000 people annually are exposed to elevated woodsmoke levels from wildfires, prescribed burns and agricultural field burning. 70,000-80,000 people involved in wild land fire fighting also receive substantial occupational exposure to woodsmoke. Investigating the relationship between woodsmoke exposure and adverse health effects is hindered by inadequate methods of exposure assessment, which lead to exposure misclassification, and the setting of community-impact-driven guidelines for managed fires suffers from a lack of exposure-response data. The primary objective of this proposal is to develop biological markers of human exposure to woodsmoke. Preliminary work has shown that levels of a number of substituted methoxylated phenolic compounds are increased in urine following woodsmoke exposure. It is our hypothesis that the dose-dependent increase in urinary methoxyphenols observed following ingestion or inhalation of woodsmoke combustion products can be related in a quantitative manner to environmental woodsmoke, and thereby provide a biomarker basis for assessment of woodsmoke exposure in occupationally and environmentally exposed populations. To test this hypothesis, we plan to conduct human exposures to woodsmoke from an open fire. Exposures will be characterized using time-integrated personal sampling and area monitors. The following parameters will be measured: particle mass, particle-associated methoxyphenols and vapor-phase methoxyphenols. In addition, time resolved exposures will be assessed using data logging nephelometers at fixed locations and personal nephelometers. Urinary methoxyphenols will be determined before and after woodsmoke exposure, by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, we plan to measure methoxyphenol levels in urine samples collected from wildfire fighters who have elevated occupational exposure to woodsmoke. A validated biomarker of woodsmoke exposure will facilitate exposure assessment for studies investigating adverse effects of woodsmoke exposure in humans, and could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce woodsmoke exposure in domestic and occupational settings. This proposed study addresses NORA research priorities related to asthma and COPD, exposure assessment methods and control technology/personal protective equipment.