CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D MALNUTRITION IN ELDERLY WOMEN

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：绝经后 骨质疏松症是一种骨骼过度脆弱的状况，导致 低冲击性骨折。研究得最好的骨骼可测量决定因素 脆性是指骨量低。一种容易纠正的，非遗传的 骨丢失的决定因素是钙营养不足，特别是对 继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进症的老年女性 万能的。钙营养缺乏可能是由于饮食中钙含量低所致。 以及促进钙吸收的低25(OH)D。无数报道 演示了一种骨骼节省效果，以及一些报告演示了 维生素D充足妇女增加钙摄入量的抗骨折作用 强烈支持维生素D中增加钙摄入量的假设 摄取有益于老年女性的骨骼健康。小规模干预研究 研究表明，每天摄入2400毫克钙的老年女性有一种 继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症逆转，未见不良反应 到了“高”，就美国人的饮食而言，钙的摄入量。尽管如此 数据，科学界许多人的行为表明了对 钙的治疗价值。这项拟议的研究旨在测试 无论是单独补钙(1500 mg/d)还是加钙1500 mg/d 维生素D(800IU/d)可降低骨折发生率，消除继发性骨折 甲状旁腺机能亢进症，并阻止以人群为基础的女性样本的骨丢失 60岁以上。干预试验的一个致命弱点是 主体合规性。这项研究将使用电子监控系统来 跟踪治疗瓶打开的次数。这一合规性 将使用衡量标准，不仅用于确定服药量，而且 作为一种就礼仪问题向研究对象提供咨询的方法。这是 一种确定依从性的有效方法，远远优于传统的避孕药 算数，因此对测量抗骨折疗效有很大帮助 单独补钙或补钙加维生素D干预。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a condition of excessive skeletal fragility which results in low impact fractures. The best studied measurable determinant of skeletal fragility is low bone mass. One of the easily correctable, non-genetic determinants of bone loss is calcium nutritional deficiency, particularly for older women for whom secondary hyperparathyroidism is considered to be universal. Calcium nutritional deficiency may be due to low dietary calcium as well as low 25(OH)D which promotes calcium absorption. Numerous reports demonstrating a bone sparing effect, and a few reports demonstrating an anti-fracture effect of increasing calcium intake among vitamin D replete women strongly support the hypotheses that increasing calcium intake among vitamin D intake benefits bone health in older women. Small scale intervention studies have shown that older women who consume calcium intakes up to 2400mg/d have a reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and experience no adverse effects due to the "high", in terms of the American diet, calcium intake. Despite these data, the behavior of many in the scientific community indicates doubt about the therapeutic value of calcium. The proposed study is designed to test whether calcium supplementation alone (1500mg/d) or calcium 1500mg/d) plus vitamin D (800IU/d) reduces the incidence of fractures, eliminates secondary hyperparathyroidism, and halts bone loss in a population-based sample of women 60+ years of age. An Achilles heel for intervention trials is the problem of subject compliance. This study will use an electronic monitoring system to track the number of time the treatment bottle is opened. This compliance measure will be used, not only to determine the amount of medication taken, but as a method to counsel the study subjects regarding protocol problems. This is a valid method to determine compliance, far superior to the traditional pill counts, and thus a substantial aid to measure the anti-fracture efficacy of calcium alone or calcium plus vitamin D interventions.