PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE--PARENTS AND YOUTH IN SCHOOLS

家长和青少年与学校(PAYS)是一项针对高危青少年的药物滥用预防计划。它旨在解决社会上最令人不安的趋势之一：在有高中辍学风险的年轻人中，吸毒/滥用、攻击性和抑郁症并存。Payes项目是对NIDA最近呼吁通过家庭干预预防药物滥用计划(PA 96-013)和针对高危青少年的以学校为基础的指示预防计划的回应。初步拨款用于对薪酬的家长干预部分进行为期两年的试点研究(1996-98年)。令人印象深刻的招聘和保留率为我们的初步调查结果提供了支持，并表明了该计划的可行性和可接受性。这些结果，再加上调解人的预期变化，要求对薪酬进行全面预防试验。项目支付增加了有效的校本重新连接青年(RY)计划，为潜在的高中辍学生提供创新的家长组件。家长作为合作伙伴(PAP)包括家访和家长小组会议，以培养育儿技能和旨在重建青少年-家长-学校关系的支持战略。这两个部分都是在整个学年提供的，提供密集、持续的社交网络支持和生活技能培训。这一方法旨在减少已知的风险因素，并加强个人、家庭、学校和同龄人背景下的保护性中介因素。拟议的研究是一项随机试验。计划在1.5年内进行5个重复措施的4组析因设计。据推测，在减少高危青少年吸毒、辍学和攻击性/抑郁方面，付费计划将比RY或PAP单独有效得多。此外，与对照组相比，所有三个项目条件--Payes、RY和PAP--在4个结果和4个调解人方面的降幅将显著更大。样本将包括760名10-12年级的高危青少年。该测量模型允许对个别学生的前置、中介和结果维度进行复杂的评估，以及来自家长和教师的确证证据。过程措施将评估家长和学校计划的全面实施情况，包括暴露、参与、接受度和实施忠诚度的措施。潜在增长模型将被用来检验方差/协方差结构和结果的变化，并检验假设的中介干预效果。拟议的分析战略允许探索关键的预防研究问题，包括确定和评估具有离散风险脆弱性的青年(包括风险因素相互作用)以及性别的不同影响。这项拟议的研究既具有创新性，又具有重要意义。它对理论测试和预防科学的影响都有影响。这项研究应该显著增加我们对以家庭为重点的预防干预如何对高危青年进行干预的理解，以遏制共同发生的毒品卷入、攻击性、抑郁症和学校越轨的进展。比较Payers的家长和学校组成部分有助于我们进一步了解与每个计划组成部分相关的相对收益。1)父母和青少年的结合，2)高危青少年的单独，3)父母的单独。

Parents And Youth with Schools (PAYS) is an indicated drug abuse prevention program for high-risk youth. It is designed to address one of society's most disturbing trends: the co-occurrence of drug use/abuse, aggression, and depression among youth who are at risk for dropping out of high school. Project PAYS is a response to NIDA's recent calls for drug abuse prevention programs through family intervention (PA 96-013) and school-based indicated prevention program for high-risk youth. Initial funding was granted for a 2-year pilot study (1996-98) of the parent intervention component of PAYS. The impressive recruitment and retention rates lend support to our preliminary findings and suggest both the feasibility and acceptability of the program. These results in combination with expected changes in mediators call for the implementation of a full prevention trial of PAYS. Project PAYS augments the efficacious school-based Reconnecting Youth (Ry) program for potential high school dropouts with an innovative parent components. Parents As Partners (PAP) includes home visits and parent group meetings to foster parenting skills and support strategies directed at re-establishing the youth-parent-school bond. Both components are delivered over a full school year, providing an intensive, sustained 'dose" of social network support and life skill training. This approach is designed to reduce known risk factors and enhance protective, mediating factors within individual, family, school and peer contexts. The proposed study is a randomized trial. A 4-group factorial design with 5 repeated measures over 1.5 years is planned. It is hypothesized that the PAYS program will be significantly more effective than RY or PAP alone in reducing high-risk youths' drug involvement, school dropout and aggression/depression. Moreover, all three program conditions- PAYS, RY and PAP-compared to controls will show significantly greater reductions in the 4 outcomes and 4 mediators. The sample will consist of 760 high-risk youth in grades 10-12. The measurement model permits sophisticated assessments of individual students' antecedent, mediating and outcome dimensions, as well as corroborating evidence form parents and teachers. Process measures will assess the full implementation of the parent and school programs including measures of exposure, participation, receptivity and implementation fidelity. Latent growth models will be used to examine variance/co-variance structures and changes in outcomes and to test the hypothesized mediating intervention effects. The proposed analytic strategies permit exploration of key prevention research questions including the identification and outcome evaluation of youth with discrete risk vulnerability (including risk factor interactions) as well as the differential effects of gender. The proposed study is both innovative and significant. It has implications for both theory-testing and prevention science implications. This research should markedly increase our understanding of how family-focused preventive interventions with high-risk youth work to stem the progression of co-occurring drug involvement, aggression, depression and school deviance. Comparing the parent and school components of PAYS furthers our understanding of the relative gains associated with each program component. 1) parent and youth combined, 2) high-risk youth alone, and 3) parents alone.