Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Increase Exercise/Physical Acivity

描述(申请人提供)：充足的体力活动可以预防或延缓许多慢性病，提高生活质量。尽管有这些有据可查的好处，但人们接受并保持锻炼的比率低得惊人，而且太多的人完全久坐不动。这在一定程度上是因为我们对哪些干预措施能够增加活动的了解有限。尽管许多初步研究已经测试了旨在增加活动量的干预措施，但他们的发现仍然没有综合，这一状况严重阻碍了研究和实践的进展。该项目的目的是整合有关干预措施的科学知识，以增加健康人的体力活动。该项目解决了这些具体目标：确定增加体力活动干预措施的研究基础的强度。具体说明干预措施对身体活动和锻炼行为的影响。辨别影响增加锻炼和体力活动干预效果的因素。我们的研究团队已经在一项专注于老龄化对象的已发表的综述中使用了建议的方法，并在一项由美国国立卫生研究院资助的正在进行的对患有慢性病的成年人进行运动干预的荟萃分析中使用了这些方法。极其广泛和严格的文献搜索将避免典型的有限搜索造成的偏见。战略包括计算机化搜索、祖先搜索、登记和数据库搜索、选定期刊的手工搜索、对毕业项目的审查、会议/协会摘要的审查，以及与检索到的研究的资深作者和国家卫生研究院资助的研究的主要研究人员联系。独立的数据采集器将可靠地编码干预、方法和参与者属性，以满足研究目标。分析计划包括：用于标准化效应大小的CF指数，包括未加权和样本量加权计算，在固定和随机效应模型下的分析，在后续分析中对方法调节变量的潜在控制，以及用于检测干预成分效应的同质性分析(Qt，QW)。例如，主持人分析将揭示干预特征(例如自我监控)与较大的体力活动增加有关。此外，还将审查干预效果方面的少数民族和性别差异。这些发现将通过综合不同的结果来改善公共健康，以便为帮助人们增加体力活动以实现公共健康目标的有效项目设计干预措施。这项工作的重要性和广泛性使得有必要为实现这些重要目标提供资金。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adequate physical activity can prevent or delay many chronic illnesses and enhance the quality of life. Despite these well-documented benefits, people adopt and maintain exercise at alarmingly low rates, and far too many people are entirely sedentary. This is due in part to our limited understanding of which interventions work to increase activity. Although many primary studies have tested interventions designed to increase activity, their findings remain unsynthesized, a condition that seriously impedes progress in both research and practice. The purpose of this project is to integrate scientific knowledge about interventions to increase physical activity in healthy people. The project addresses these specific aims:  Determine the strength of the research base about interventions to increase physical activity.  Specify the effect of interventions on physical activity and exercise behavior.  Distinguish factors that moderate the effect of interventions to increase exercise and physical activity. Our research team has used the proposed methods in a published synthesis focused on aging subjects and in an in-progress NIH-funded meta-analysis of exercise interventions among chronically ill adults. An extremely extensive and rigorous literature search will avoid the bias caused by typical limited searches. Strategies include computerized searches, ancestry searches, registry and database searches, hand searches of selected journals, reviews of graduate projects, examination of conference/association abstracts, and contacts with senior authors on retrieved studies and principal investigators of NIH-funded studies. Independent data extractors will reliably code intervention, methodological and participant attributes that address the research aims. Analysis plans include: cf-index to standardize the magnitude of effect, both unweighted and sample size weighted calculations, analyses under both fixed and random effects models, potential control for methodological moderators in subsequent analysis, and homogeneity analysis (Qt, Qw) to detect intervention component effects. For example, the moderator analysis will reveal intervention characteristics (e.g. self-monitoring) are associated with larger increases in physical activity. Minority and gender differences in intervention effectiveness will be examined as well. Findings will improve public health by synthesizing diverse results so that interventions can be designed for effective programs that help people increase their physical activity to meet public health goals. The compelling importance and broad scope of this work make funding necessary to achieve these important aims.