Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Increase Exercise/Physical Acivity

描述（由申请人提供）：充足的身体活动可以预防或延缓许多慢性疾病并提高生活质量。尽管有这些有据可查的好处，但人们接受和维持锻炼的比例却低得惊人，而且太多人完全久坐不动。部分原因是我们对哪些干预措施可以增加活动的了解有限。尽管许多初步研究已经测试了旨在增加活动的干预措施，但他们的研究结果仍未综合，这种情况严重阻碍了研究和实践的进展。该项目的目的是整合有关干预措施的科学知识，以增加健康人群的身体活动。该项目致力于实现以下具体目标： 确定有关增加身体活动的干预措施的研究基础的强度。指定干预措施对身体活动和锻炼行为的影响。区分影响增加锻炼和体力活动干预措施效果的因素。我们的研究团队在已发表的针对老龄化受试者的综合报告中以及正在进行的由 NIH 资助的针对慢性病成人运动干预的荟萃分析中使用了所提出的方法。极其广泛和严格的文献检索将避免典型的有限检索造成的偏见。策略包括计算机化检索、祖先检索、注册表和数据库检索、选定期刊的手动检索、研究生项目评论、会议/协会摘要检查以及与检索研究的资深作者和 NIH 资助的研究的主要研究人员联系。独立的数据提取者将可靠地编码解决研究目标的干预、方法和参与者属性。分析计划包括：标准化效应量的 cf-index、未加权和样本量加权计算、固定效应和随机效应模型下的分析、后续分析中方法调节因素的潜在控制以及检测干预成分效应的同质性分析（Qt、Qw）。例如，调节分析将揭示干预特征（例如自我监控）与体力活动的大幅增加相关。干预效果中的少数民族和性别差异也将受到审查。研究结果将通过综合不同的结果来改善公共卫生，以便设计干预措施以制定有效的计划，帮助人们增加身体活动以实现公共卫生目标。这项工作的重要性和广泛范围使得需要资金来实现这些重要目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adequate physical activity can prevent or delay many chronic illnesses and enhance the quality of life. Despite these well-documented benefits, people adopt and maintain exercise at alarmingly low rates, and far too many people are entirely sedentary. This is due in part to our limited understanding of which interventions work to increase activity. Although many primary studies have tested interventions designed to increase activity, their findings remain unsynthesized, a condition that seriously impedes progress in both research and practice. The purpose of this project is to integrate scientific knowledge about interventions to increase physical activity in healthy people. The project addresses these specific aims:  Determine the strength of the research base about interventions to increase physical activity.  Specify the effect of interventions on physical activity and exercise behavior.  Distinguish factors that moderate the effect of interventions to increase exercise and physical activity. Our research team has used the proposed methods in a published synthesis focused on aging subjects and in an in-progress NIH-funded meta-analysis of exercise interventions among chronically ill adults. An extremely extensive and rigorous literature search will avoid the bias caused by typical limited searches. Strategies include computerized searches, ancestry searches, registry and database searches, hand searches of selected journals, reviews of graduate projects, examination of conference/association abstracts, and contacts with senior authors on retrieved studies and principal investigators of NIH-funded studies. Independent data extractors will reliably code intervention, methodological and participant attributes that address the research aims. Analysis plans include: cf-index to standardize the magnitude of effect, both unweighted and sample size weighted calculations, analyses under both fixed and random effects models, potential control for methodological moderators in subsequent analysis, and homogeneity analysis (Qt, Qw) to detect intervention component effects. For example, the moderator analysis will reveal intervention characteristics (e.g. self-monitoring) are associated with larger increases in physical activity. Minority and gender differences in intervention effectiveness will be examined as well. Findings will improve public health by synthesizing diverse results so that interventions can be designed for effective programs that help people increase their physical activity to meet public health goals. The compelling importance and broad scope of this work make funding necessary to achieve these important aims.