Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Increase Exercise/Physical Acivity

描述（由申请人提供）：充足的身体活动可以预防或延缓许多慢性疾病，提高生活质量。尽管有这些充分证明的好处，但人们接受并坚持锻炼的比例却低得惊人，而且有太多的人完全是久坐不动的。这部分是由于我们对哪些干预措施可以增加活动的理解有限。尽管许多初步研究已经测试了旨在增加活动的干预措施，但它们的发现仍然是不综合的，这种情况严重阻碍了研究和实践的进展。该项目的目的是整合有关干预措施的科学知识，以增加健康人的身体活动。该项目针对以下具体目标：确定有关增加身体活动的干预措施的研究基础的强度。说明干预措施对身体活动和运动行为的影响。区分干预措施增加锻炼和身体活动的影响。我们的研究团队在一篇已发表的关于衰老受试者的综合研究中，以及在一项正在进行的由nih资助的慢性病成年人运动干预荟萃分析中，使用了提出的方法。极其广泛和严谨的文献检索可以避免典型的有限检索所带来的偏差。策略包括计算机检索、祖先检索、注册和数据库检索、手工检索精选期刊、研究生项目综述、审查会议/协会摘要，以及与检索研究的资深作者和nih资助研究的主要研究者联系。独立的数据提取器将可靠地编码干预，方法和参与者属性，以解决研究目标。分析计划包括：标准化效应程度的cf-index，未加权和样本量加权计算，固定和随机效应模型下的分析，后续分析中方法学调节因子的潜在控制，以及检测干预成分效应的同质性分析（Qt, Qw）。例如，调节分析将揭示干预特征（如自我监控）与身体活动的大幅增加有关。少数民族和性别在干预效果方面的差异也将被审查。研究结果将通过综合各种结果来改善公共卫生，从而可以设计有效的干预措施，帮助人们增加身体活动，以实现公共卫生目标。这项工作极为重要，范围广泛，因此必须为实现这些重要目标提供资金。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adequate physical activity can prevent or delay many chronic illnesses and enhance the quality of life. Despite these well-documented benefits, people adopt and maintain exercise at alarmingly low rates, and far too many people are entirely sedentary. This is due in part to our limited understanding of which interventions work to increase activity. Although many primary studies have tested interventions designed to increase activity, their findings remain unsynthesized, a condition that seriously impedes progress in both research and practice. The purpose of this project is to integrate scientific knowledge about interventions to increase physical activity in healthy people. The project addresses these specific aims:  Determine the strength of the research base about interventions to increase physical activity.  Specify the effect of interventions on physical activity and exercise behavior.  Distinguish factors that moderate the effect of interventions to increase exercise and physical activity. Our research team has used the proposed methods in a published synthesis focused on aging subjects and in an in-progress NIH-funded meta-analysis of exercise interventions among chronically ill adults. An extremely extensive and rigorous literature search will avoid the bias caused by typical limited searches. Strategies include computerized searches, ancestry searches, registry and database searches, hand searches of selected journals, reviews of graduate projects, examination of conference/association abstracts, and contacts with senior authors on retrieved studies and principal investigators of NIH-funded studies. Independent data extractors will reliably code intervention, methodological and participant attributes that address the research aims. Analysis plans include: cf-index to standardize the magnitude of effect, both unweighted and sample size weighted calculations, analyses under both fixed and random effects models, potential control for methodological moderators in subsequent analysis, and homogeneity analysis (Qt, Qw) to detect intervention component effects. For example, the moderator analysis will reveal intervention characteristics (e.g. self-monitoring) are associated with larger increases in physical activity. Minority and gender differences in intervention effectiveness will be examined as well. Findings will improve public health by synthesizing diverse results so that interventions can be designed for effective programs that help people increase their physical activity to meet public health goals. The compelling importance and broad scope of this work make funding necessary to achieve these important aims.