Sleep Problems and Substance Use/Abuse in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究项目是PI的第一次R21提交。该项目旨在阐明青春期和青年期睡眠问题与物质使用/问题之间的关系。对成年人的研究表明，失眠预示着随后的药物滥用。几项横断面研究表明，SPs与青少年的物质使用呈正相关。然而，只有少数前瞻性研究存在于失眠和早期饮酒之间的关系。到目前为止，数据表明，SPs与男孩开始使用药物有关，而与女孩无关。作为对PA-06-238的回应，目前的提案寻求资金支持密歇根纵向研究（MLS）的二次数据分析。该项目有四个具体目标。首先，我们研究早期的睡眠问题是否能预测青少年和青年时期物质使用的发生。其次，我们测试早期的睡眠问题是否预示着药物使用和滥用一旦开始就会升级。第三，我们研究了睡眠问题和物质使用之间关系的潜在中介。三种媒介将被检查-行为问题，同伴群体选择，和神经生理唤醒。第四，我们评估感知压力如何调节睡眠问题和物质使用之间的关系。我们对与这四个目标相关的可能的性别差异特别感兴趣。密歇根纵向研究是一项正在进行的家庭研究，目前已经进行了19年。该研究招募了一个酗酒家庭和对照家庭的社区样本。从学龄前（3-5岁）到青年期（18-21岁），每隔3年对这些家庭的男性和女性后代进行访谈。参与者在11岁到17岁之间也接受了每年一次的采访。每波收集sp和所有其他变量的信息。药物使用的数据从参与者9岁开始收集。该项目有可能记录另一种更接近生理的机制，这些机制与那些已知在物质使用和问题出现中起核心作用的影响和行为指标有关。这是同类研究中的第一次，如果成功，将导致对睡眠问题对物质使用和影响调节的影响进行更详细的研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed research project is the PI's first R21 submission. The project aims at articulating the relationship between sleep problems (SPs) and substance use/ problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Research in adults indicates that insomnia predicts subsequent onset of substance abuse. Several cross-sectional studies suggest that SPs are positively related to substance use in adolescence. However, only a few prospective studies exist on the relationship between insomnia and alcohol use earlier in life. So far the data indicate SPs are related to onset of substance use in boys but not in girls. In response to PA-06-238, the current proposal seeks funding to support secondary data analysis from the Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS). The project has four specific aims. First, we examine whether earlier sleep problems prospectively predict onset of substance use in adolescence and young adulthood. Second, we test whether earlier sleep problems prospectively predict escalation in substance use and abuse once onset begins. Third, we examine potential mediators of the relationship between sleep problems and substance use. Three mediators will be examined - behavioral problems, peer group choices, and neurophysiological arousal. Fourth, we evaluate how perceived stress may moderate the relationships between sleep problems and substance use. We are especially interested in possible gender differences related to these four aims. The Michigan Longitudinal Study is an ongoing family study currently in its 19th year. The study recruited a community sample of alcoholic and control families. Male and female offspring of these families have been interviewed from preschool age (3-5 years old) to young adulthood (18-21 years old) at 3-year intervals. Participants were also interviewed at yearly intervals from ages 11 to 17. Information regarding SPs and all other variables was collected at each wave. Data on substance use were gathered from the participants beginning at age 9. This project has the potential to document another, more physiologically proximal mechanism related to those affect and behavioral indicators already known to be central in the emergence of substance use and problems. This is the first work of its kind, and if successful, would lead to more elaborated studies on the effects of sleep problems on substance use and affect regulation.