Lay Understanding of Race, Addiction and Genetics

目前正在进行的研究试图加深我们对遗传因素在 物质依赖和对治疗的反应。为了获得新兴研究的潜在好处 要实现这一点，关键是要开始了解不同种族/民族的成员是如何 理解、解释和回应有关基因在成瘾和治疗中的作用的信息 反应，特别是对假设增加的等位基因频率的种族差异的报道 容易上瘾或影响治疗反应。我们使用尼古丁成瘾的遗传学数据 并回应治疗，探讨这些问题。具体目标是：(1)探索种族差异(自我 关于基因在成瘾中的作用的信念和理解；(2) 探索种族差异(自认为黑人和白人)对使用基因检测的态度 改善对成瘾的治疗；(3)评估个人对使用 在这种情况下，当他们被告知基因类型的关键特征时，基因检测就会改变 很可能被用来为成瘾量身定做个人治疗(例如，频率上的种族差异 风险等位基因，多效性关联)，如最新的科学文献所报道的；(4)在 美国自认的黑人和白人吸烟者的子集，以评估个人的意图/意愿 接受基因测试，以便与最佳吸烟治疗相匹配。这项研究包括广泛的 1200名自认为黑人和黑人的定性研究和随机全国电话采访调查 1200名成年白人。专题小组、个人访谈、认知访谈、专家评审、两轮预审 将利用试点调查(N-100)开发一种有效和适当的调查工具。 这项拟议中的研究将首次检验不同的非专业观众如何理解、干预和 对新出现的关于成瘾和潜在临床应用的遗传学研究作出回应。这样的信息是 对于让更广泛的公众建设性地参与正在进行的和未来关于整合 将新出现的药物遗传学干预措施应用于临床实践，并开发适合于文化的 知情同意程序、干预措施和教育活动。

Research is currently underway that seeks to deepen our understanding of the role of genetic factors in substance dependence and response to treatment. In order for the potential benefits of emerging research to be realized, it is crucial to begin understanding how members of different racial/ethnic groups comprehend, interpret and respond to information about the role of genetics in addiction and treatment response, and in particular to reported racial differences in the frequency of alleles hypothesized to increase susceptibility to addiction or affect response to treatment. We use data on the genetics of nicotine addiction and response to treatment to explore these issues. Specific aims are: (1) To explore racial differences (self- identified Black versus white) in beliefs and understandings regarding the role of genetics in addiction; (2) To explore racial differences (self-identified Black vs. white) in attitudes toward the use of genetic testing to improve treatment for addiction; (3) To assess the extent to which individuals' attitudes toward the use of genetic testing in this context change when they are informed of key characteristics of the genotypes that would most likely be used to tailor individual treatment for addiction (e.g., racial differences in the frequency of risk alleles, pleiotropic associations), as reported in the most current scientific literature; (4) Among a subset of self-identified Black and white smokers in the U.S., to assess individuals' intention/willingness to undergo genetic testing in order to be matched to optimal smoking treatment. This study includes extensive qualitative research and a randomized national telephone interview survey of 1200 self-identified Black and 1200 white adults. Focus groups, personal interviews, cognitive interviews, expert review, two rounds of pre- testing, and a pilot survey (N-100) will be used to develop an effective and appropriate survey instrument. The proposed research will be the first to examine how diverse lay audiences understand, interpet and respond to emerging genetic research on addiction and potential clinical applications. Such information is essential to constructively engage the broader public in ongoing and future debates about the integration of emerging pharmacogenetic interventions into clinical practice, and to developing culturally appropriate informed consent processes, interventions and educational activities.