Emotional and Cortisol Differences Associated with Context Inappropriate Anger

描述（由申请人提供）：一些儿童表现出愤怒的反应，这是不符合规范的评价的背景下，因此是“上下文不适当”。虽然上下文不适当的愤怒可能会加剧行为问题，很少有人知道的情绪处理因素，可能与it. One本项目的主要目标是调查，如果上下文不适当的愤怒可能与情绪知识的差异，这反过来又可能阐明干预过程将是最有利的这种形式的情绪行为。本研究拟探讨四个问题：1）情境不当愤怒水平是否与情绪识别和情绪情境理解有关; 2）情境不当愤怒水平是否与行为问题的差异有关;（3）学龄前儿童情境不当愤怒水平是否与下丘脑-肾上腺（HPA）轴活动差异有关，（4）情绪知识是否与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活动的差异有关。这些目标将有助于解决的主要焦点是否在HPA轴活动（皮质醇）的个体差异可能介导CI愤怒和行为问题之间的关系，通过影响情绪知识。四岁的儿童将参加关于基本情绪知识和情绪行为观察的访谈。主要照顾者将报告气质和环境不适当的愤怒和教师将报告行为问题。将采集唾液样本用于评估HPA轴反应性（基础皮质醇、皮质醇反应性）。由于情境不当影响的罕见性，需要使用基于情感的预选程序。这项研究具有临床相关性，因为情绪理解相关性的研究结果将突出哪些干预程序对情境不适当的愤怒（一种临床相关的情绪行为）最有利。与这种情绪行为相关的临床和生物学因素也使这一研究领域适合NIH关于转化情绪研究的议程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Some children show anger responses that are not concordant with normative appraisal of the context and are thus "context inappropriate". Although context inappropriate anger might potentiate behavior problems, little is known about the emotion processing factors that might be related to it. One primary goal of this project is to investigate if context inappropriate anger might be related to differences in emotion knowledge, which in turn might elucidate which intervention processes would be most advantageous for this form of emotional behavior. The proposed research will address four issues: 1) whether levels of context inappropriate anger are related to emotion recognition and understanding of emotional situations; 2) whether levels of context inappropriate anger are related to differences in behavior problems; 3) whether levels of context inappropriate anger are related to differences in Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis activity in preschool age children, and 4) whether emotion knowledge is associated with differences in HPA axis activity. These goals will aid in addressing the main focus of whether individual differences in HPA axis activity (cortisol) may mediate the relationship between CI anger and behavior problems through influences on emotion knowledge. Four year-old children will participate in interviews regarding basic emotion knowledge and behavioral observations of emotion. The primary caregiver will report on temperament and context inappropriate anger and teachers will report on behavior problems. Saliva samples will be collected for assessment of HPA axis reactivity (basal cortisol, cortisol reactivity). The rarity of context inappropriate affect requires the use of questionnaire-based pre-selection procedures. The study has clinical relevance because findings on emotional understanding correlates will highlight which intervention procedures would be most advantageous for context inappropriate anger, a clinically-relevant emotional behavior. The proposed clinical and biological factors relevant for this emotional behavior also make this area of research appropriate for the NIH agenda on translational emotion research.