Superior Temporal Gyrus function in Schizophrenia

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目的是利用脑磁图（MEG），脑电图（EEG）和高分辨率磁共振成像（MRI）的组合来研究精神分裂症患者和对照组之间听觉皮质加工的差异。利用Martinos/MGH-NMR中心最近开发的工具，提出的研究将通过以下方式推进之前的工作：(i)使用精确的解剖MR1重建和fMRI的先验信息来改进MEG/EEG定位；（ii）同时测量MEG和EEG以评估径向和切向神经电流；（iii）应用基于小波的皮质约束算法对MEG/EEG信号进行量化，以量化皮质表面的局部和全局皮质同步。具体来说，这些技术将被应用于各种类型的听觉刺激，包括不匹配反应和持续神经磁听觉反应的伽马带相位同步。这可能允许对未被发现的行为的精神分裂症病理进行定量测量。此外，失配反应和γ波段同步可能有助于更好地理解神经功能障碍的细胞，特别是NMDA假说和精神分裂症的宏观机制。在训练后期，可能会研究其他高级认知过程，如幻听和思维障碍，并将其与解剖和神经生理障碍联系起来。这项为期五年的培训计划将候选人在诊断神经放射学、生物医学工程和脑磁图（MEG）方面的背景与导师在精神分裂症和多模态成像方面的专业知识结合起来，研究精神分裂症的脑神经动力学。广泛的长期目标是创造一种非侵入性的临床成像工具，能够诊断和监测影响信息处理的神经系统疾病的治疗。这个假设是制定的，听觉系统的多重缺陷是导致精神分裂症患者听觉处理改变的原因，这是可以用功能神经成像来测量的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the difference in auditory cortical processing between schizophrenics and controls using a combination of magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using tools recently developed at the Martinos/MGH-NMR center, the proposed research will advance previous work by: (i) improving MEG/EEG localization using precise anatomic MR1 reconstructions and prior information from fMRI (ii) simultaneously measuring MEG and EEG to assess both radial and tangential neural currents (iii) applying novel wavelet-based, cortically constrained algorithms to MEG/EEG signals to quantify local and global cortical synchrony on the cortical surface. Specifically, these techniques will be applied to various types of auditory stimulation including the mismatched response and gamma-band phase synchrony of the sustained neuromagnetic auditory response. This could potentially allow for quantitative measurements of schizophrenic pathologies that are undetected behaviorally. Additionally, both the mismatch response and the gamma-band synchronization may lead to a better understanding of the cellular, especially the NMDA hypothesis of neuronal dysfunction and macroscopic mechanisms of schizophrenia. Later in the training period, other higher cognitive processes such as auditory hallucinations and thought disorders may be investigated and correlated with the anatomic and neurophysiological disorders. This proposed five-year training program combines the candidate's background in diagnostic neuroradiology, biomedical engineering, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the mentors' expertise in schizophrenia and multimodal imaging to investigate brain neurodynamics in schizophrenia. The broad, long-term objective is to create a non-invasive, clinical imaging tool, which is capable of diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of neurological disorders affecting information processing. The hypothesis is formulated that multiple deficits in the auditory system are responsible for altered auditory processing in schizophrenia, which are measurable with functional neuroimaging.