Medial temporal lobe contributions to episodic memory

描述（由申请人提供）：内侧颞叶（MTL）是情景记忆的关键基础。毫无疑问，MTL内部存在分工。然而，对于如何最好地描述这些区别，几乎没有达成共识。虽然有一些趋同的证据表明存在分工，特别是关于周围皮层和海马编码过程的区别，但周围皮层和海马旁皮层之间区别的本质尚未明确。尽管文献中支持海马体在关系加工中的作用有很强的一致性，但MTL皮层在项目加工/熟悉性中的作用却没有得到很好的定义，只有部分文献支持。重要的是，对MTL皮层区域特异性的范围和形式的研究将大大有助于我们对情景记忆功能的理解。正常和异常衰老以及一些精神病理的一个基本标志是情景记忆的改变。通过对情景记忆系统功能结构的理解，我们可以深入了解这些与记忆相关的缺陷，例如，在阿尔茨海默病的疾病进展过程中出现的记忆缺陷，或者在抑郁症和精神分裂症等神经精神疾病的病理生理学中看到的记忆缺陷。了解人类记忆形成的神经机制是描述和治疗影响记忆的疾病的重要一步，因此，将对治疗此类疾病的公共卫生问题产生重大影响。研究建议将使用功能磁共振成像来阐明MTL的功能，考虑到信息域对于MTL组织的完整模型至关重要（目标1和2）。此外，被认为是海马体功能标志的关系编码和检索是否延伸到情景事件在时间上的绑定将被探索（AIM 3）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The medial temporal lobes (MTL) are the critical substrate for episodic memory. It is undisputed that a division of labor exists within the MTL. However, there is very little consensus as to how to best characterize these distinctions. Although some convergent evidence exists for a division of labor, particularly concerning the distinction between perirhinal and hippocampal encoding processes, the nature of the distinction between perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex has been underspecified. Although there is strong convergence in the literature supporting a role for the hippocampus in relational processing, the role of the MTL cortex in item processing/familiarity is less well defined, and only partially supported by the literature. Importantly, investigation into the extent and form of domain specificity within MTL cortex will contribute substantially to our understanding of episodic memory function. A fundamental hallmark of normal and abnormal aging, as well as some psychopathologies, is the alteration in episodic memory. Through an understanding of the functional architecture of the episodic memory system, great insight can be gleaned into these memory related deficits that, for example, occur during disease progression as a consequence of Alzheimer's disease or have been seen in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of human memory is an important step in efforts to describe and treat conditions that impact memory and will, thus, have a great impact on public health issues regarding treatment of such conditions. The research proposed will use functional magnetic resonance imaging to elucidate the functions of the MTL considering informational domain as being critical to a complete model of MTL organization (Aims 1 and 2). In addition, whether relational encoding and retrieval, thought to be a hallmark of hippocampal function, extends to the binding of episodic events in time will be explored (AIM 3)