NEURAL BASIS OF A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK OF ATTENTIONAL CONTROL-DIMENSIONAL OVERLAP

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 1/14/2008 神经成像技术的最新进展极大地促进了我们对注意力及其神经网络的理解。人们提出了各种理论框架来解释注意的心理和神经机制，以及它在认知和情感控制中的作用。然而，几个关键问题仍然没有得到解决，需要 进一步调查。这一应用结合了先进的功能磁共振成像技术和精心设计的 理论驱动的行为范式，将为产生关于注意控制的神经机制的精炼假说提供基础。 这项建议的独特方法是审查和解释不同的 注意控制和执行控制统一框架下的注意控制效果，维度重叠。根据这一框架，刺激和反应集的兼容性可以根据任务相关维度和任务无关维度之间刺激和反应领域的维度重叠来分类。 我们假设维度在任务相关和任务无关之间的刺激和反应域上重叠 维度是定向和执行控制中各种注意效应的共同驱动力。 我们提出了以下两个具体目标。 具体目标： (1)考察刺激冲突解决(S-S)和刺激-反应不相容(S-R)的共同和不同神经基础。我们预计，额顶网络将通常 在S-S和S-R两种不亲和效应下激活的脑区，而在额叶下部、颞叶下部和前扣带回的不同脑区，将负责S-S和S-R不亲和的独特效应。 (2)考察内源性和外源性定向注意控制的共同和不同神经基础。我们预计，类似的额顶网络将调节人们的S注意，而内源性和外源性注意定向将依赖于不同的脑区，分别反映自上而下的选择和自下而上的捕获。 具体地说，自上而下的选择将招募更多的背侧区域，如下顶叶皮质和额叶眼场，而自下而上的捕获将选择性地激活更多的腹侧区域，如颞顶叶 交界处和额叶下部皮质。 意义重大。 这些研究将提供对注意力控制的神经机制的洞察，并帮助研究人员设计更好的行为和治疗预防和干预措施，以有效地针对因神经心理侮辱或自然衰老而患有注意力相关缺陷的高危个体。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. 1/14/2008 Recent progress in neuroimaging techniques has greatly advanced our understanding of attention and its neural network. A variety of theoretical frameworks have been proposed to illustrate the mental and neural mechanisms of attention and its role in cognitive and affective controls. However, several critical issues remain unsolved and call for further investigation. This application, combining advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques and wellconceived theory-driven behavioral paradigms, will provide a foundation for generating refined hypotheses about the neural mechanism of attentional control. The unique approach of this proposal is to examine and account for different effects of attention and executive control under a unified framework of attentional control, dimensional overlap. According to this framework, compatibility of the stimulus and response sets can be categorized based on the dimensional overlap across the stimulus and response domains between the task-relevant and task-irrelevant dimensions. We hypothesize that the dimensional overlap across the stimulus and response domains between the task-relevant and taskirrelevant dimensions is the common driving force underlying various effects of attention in orienting and executive control. We propose the following two specific aims. Specific Aims: (1) To examine common and distinct neural substrates underlying conflict resolution of stimulusstimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) incompatibility. We expect that the frontoparietal network will be commonly activated for both S-S and S-R incompatibility effects, whereas distinct brain areas in the inferior frontal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, and anterior cingulated cortex, will be responsible for the unique effects of S-S and S-R incompatibility. (2) To examine common and distinct neural substrates underlying attentional control of endogenous and exogenous orienting. We expect that the similar frontoparietal network will modulate people?s attention whereas endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention will rely on distinct brain regions reflecting top-down selection and bottom-up capture respectively. Specifically, top-down selection will recruit more dorsal regions such as the inferior parietal cortex and frontal eye field whereas bottom-up capture will selectively activate more ventral areas such as the temporal parietal junction and inferior frontal cortex. Significance. These studies will provide insight into the neural mechanism of attentional control and help researchers design better behavioral and therapeutic prevention and interventions to effectively target at-risk individuals, who suffer from attention-related deficits due to either neuropsychological insults or natural degradation of aging.