NEURAL MECHANISMS OF REWARD PROCESSING & EXECUTIVE CONTROL IN SENSATION SEEKING

奖励处理的神经机制

• 批准号: 7953704
• 负责人: Xun Liu
• 金额: $ 0.17万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7953704
• 关键词: Accounting; Addictive Behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Animals; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Biochemical; Biological Markers; Clinical Research; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Cues; Decision Making; Dimensions; Drug usage; Emotional; Equilibrium; Esthesia; Evaluation; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Grant; Human; Imaging Techniques; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Institution; Measures; Modeling; Neurobiology; Outcome; Parietal; Peripheral; Personality; Personality Traits; Physiological; Predisposition; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Source; Substance abuse problem; United States National Institutes of Health; base; cognitive control; executive function; experience; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Previous studies have indicated a strong relationship between sensation seeking and substance use and abuse. Sensation seeking has been defined as a personality trait that is marked by a tendency to seek out and engage in novel and varied experiences to maintain an optimal level of arousal - even if those experiences involve significant risk. Among a number of well-established personality dimensions of sensation seeking, two are especially related to susceptibility to drug use and abuse: novelty and reward seeking, and lack of control and impulsivity. Although biochemical and biological markers have long been proposed and studied extensively for sensation seeking, these models are either based on animal studies or peripheral physiological measures in humans. This application, by combining advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques and well-established behavioral paradigms, will provide a foundation for generating hypotheses about the neurobiological markers for sensation seeking in humans. We hypothesize that as compared to low sensation seeking (LSS) individuals, high sensation seeking (HSS) individuals show greater sensitivity and stronger neural responses to positive reward, which may result in their susceptibility to initial substance use and abuse. In contrast, HSS individuals show less sensitivity to negative outcomes and reduced control to goal-irrelevant external cues in both reward and executive control tasks, which may account for their impulsivity and lack of control to resist substance abuse. We propose to achieve the following specific aims. Specific Aims: (1) To examine individual differences in neural mechanisms of reward-related decision making between the HSS and LSS groups. We predict that the delicate balance between the neural circuitries of reward seeking and sensitivity, and emotional evaluation and cognitive control of behavior - which is crucial to defend people against addictive behaviors - may be compromised in the HSS individuals. (2) To examine individual differences in neural mechanisms of attentional and executive control between the HSS and LSS groups. We predict that HSS individuals will show less efficiency of executive control network in the frontal and parietal regions, which may account for their high impulsivity and reduced ability of executive control to resist cues that induce drug use and abuse.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 先前的研究表明，感觉寻求与物质使用和滥用之间有很强的关系。 感觉寻求被定义为一种人格特质，其特征是倾向于寻求和参与新颖和多样的体验，以保持最佳的唤醒水平-即使这些体验涉及重大风险。在许多成熟的感觉寻求人格维度中，有两个与药物使用和滥用的易感性特别相关：新奇和奖励寻求，以及缺乏控制和冲动。虽然生物化学和生物学标记物早已被提出并广泛研究用于感觉寻求，但这些模型要么基于动物研究，要么基于人类的外周生理测量。这种应用程序，通过结合先进的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术和完善的行为范式，将提供一个基础，为人类的感觉寻求神经生物学标志物的假设。 我们假设，与低感觉寻求（LSS）个体相比，高感觉寻求（HSS）个体对正性奖赏表现出更大的敏感性和更强的神经反应，这可能导致他们对初始物质使用和滥用的易感性。与此相反，HSS个人表现出较低的敏感性，负面结果和减少控制目标无关的外部线索在奖励和执行控制任务，这可能是他们的冲动和缺乏控制，以抵制药物滥用。我们建议实现以下具体目标。 具体目的：（1）研究HSS和LSS两组个体在奖赏相关决策神经机制上的差异。我们预测奖赏寻求的神经回路之间的微妙平衡 和敏感性，情绪评估和行为的认知控制-这对保护人们免受成瘾行为的影响至关重要-可能会在HSS个体中受到损害。(2)研究HSS和LSS组注意和执行控制神经机制的个体差异。我们预测HSS个体在额叶和顶叶区域表现出较低的执行控制网络效率，这可能解释了他们的高冲动性和执行控制能力降低，以抵抗诱导药物使用和滥用的线索。