Information Management in the Perioperative Environment

描述(由申请人提供)：新技术正在扩大卫生保健从业者可获得的信息量。在围手术期环境中，这包括患者监测数据的增加。围手术期环境的动态性质使其特别容易受到信息过载问题的影响。在围手术期信息显示的分析和重新设计中，需要一种整体的和以人为中心的方法。这项研究的主要假设是，应用人的因素设计原则和使用以人为中心的设计过程将导致围手术期信息显示的设计，与当前的系统相比，可以改善患者的护理。 这项研究计划包括四个主要部分： 1.根据当代人类决策、情境意识和团队合作理论，确定与动态、机动、有风险、以团队为基础和信息丰富的围手术期环境相关的人因设计原则； 2.应用认知任务分析和知识获取方法确定围手术期环境的重要信息需求； 3.围手术期信息的设计采用以人为本的方法，包括迭代的用户评估和重新设计过程；以及 4.使用真人患者模拟器在麻醉危机管理场景下将新设计与传统的围手术期信息显示进行比较。 除了通过更好的信息管理来改善患者安全之外， 对于围术期环境，这一努力的结果将对：(1)围手术期环境中的培训；以及(2)其他动态的、安全关键的卫生保健环境中的系统设计产生影响。

DESCRIPTION (PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT): New technologies are expanding the amount of information available to health care practitioners. In the perioperative environment, this includes an increase in patient monitoring data. The dynamic nature of the perioperative environment makes it especially susceptible to problems of information overload. There is a need for a holistic and human centered approach in the analysis and redesign of perioperative information displays. The main hypothesis for this research is that the application of human factors design principles and the use of a human centered design process will lead to the design of perioperative information displays that improve patient care compared to current systems. This research plan involves four main components: 1. Identification of human factors design principles based on contemporary theories of human decisionmaking, situation awareness, and teamwork that are relevant to the dynamic, mobile, risky, team-based, and information-rich perioperative environment; 2. The application of cognitive task analyses and knowledge elicitation methods to identify the important information requirements for the perioperative environment; 3. The design of perioperative information displays using a human-centered approach that includes a process of iterative user evaluation and redesign; and 4. Comparison of the new designs with conventional perioperative information displays under anesthesia crisis management scenarios using a human patient simulator. In addition to the potential to improve patient safety through better information management in the perioperative environment, the results of this effort will have implications for: (1) training in the perioperative environment; and (2) system design in other dynamic, safety-critical health care environments.