Surgical Infectious Diseses and Transplantation Training Grant

说明(申请人提供)：考虑到近一半的急性疾病住院患者需要手术或由外科医生治疗，接受过人体研究(包括转译研究)培训的外科医生的数量是不够的。其中许多患者患有感染或接受过器官移植，几乎完全由外科医生管理，NIAID对此很感兴趣。这项申请的两个目标是1)通过系统地培训研究住院医生多层次临床研究的方法，特别是在感染并发急性疾病或移植领域，增加未来进行有意义的转化性研究的外科医生的数量，以及2)增加学术实践中的少数族裔外科医生的数量，他们将能够改善历史上服务不足的患者群体的健康，并增加死亡率。经过两到三年临床培训的外科住院医生将被允许参加该计划，在任何给定的时间总共有四名实习生。学生通常会进入一个专门的两到三年的培训阶段，其中包括一个与影响危重患者或移植患者的传染病相关的核心临床项目，以及弗吉尼亚大学公共卫生科学系的课程，这些课程将获得公共卫生或临床研究的硕士学位。或者，少数学生可以选择与外科感染或移植相关的核心实验室研究经验，通过在公共卫生科学系增加课程和小组讨论会，为他们在翻译研究方面的学术生涯做好准备。通过这些技术，将培养一批年轻的、训练有素的外科医生，他们将拥有工具来进行高质量、有道德的人类研究，特别是以临床和基础科学的接口为中心的转化研究。 相关性：只有少数外科医生专门进行研究，旨在通过安全地将新的科学突破引入到这些患者的护理中来改善他们的结果。我们建议培训年轻的外科医生，包括那些来自传统上代表性不足的少数族裔的医生，以便能够在他们的职业生涯中进行这项研究，并提高患有严重外科疾病的患者的存活率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The number of surgeons trained to perform research in humans, including translational research, is inadequate when considering that close to half of all patients hospitalized with acute illness either require an operation or are cared for by surgeons. Many of these patients suffer from infections or have received organ transplants and are managed almost exclusively by surgeons and are of interest to the NIAID. The two objectives of this application are 1) To increase the number of surgeons who perform meaningful translational research in the future by systematically training research residents in the methods of multiple levels of clinical research, particularly in the area of infection complicating acute illness or transplantation, and 2) To increase the number of minority surgeons in academic practice who will be able to improve the health of historically underserved patient populations with increased rates of death. Surgical residents with two or three years of clinical training will be admitted to the program, with a total of four trainees at any given time. Students will usually enter a dedicated, two to three year training period that will include a core clinical project related to infectious diseases affecting acutely ill or transplanted patients, and coursework in the University of Virginia Department of Public Health Sciences that will result in a Masters Degree in Public Health or Clinical Research. Alternatively, a small number of students may elect a core laboratory research experience related to surgical infections or transplantation that will, with the addition of classes and small group seminars in the Department of Public Health Sciences, equip them for an academic career in translational research. Through these techniques, a cohort of young, well-trained surgeons will be developed who will have the tools to perform high quality, ethical human research specifically centered on that interface of clinical and basic science that is translational research. RELEVANCE: Only a small number of surgeons perform research specifically aimed at improving the outcomes of these patients by safely introducing new scientific breakthroughs to their care. We propose to train young surgeons, including those from traditionally underrepresented minorities, to be able to perform this research throughout their careers and increase the survival of patients suffering from severe surgical diseases.