Disparities of Drug Use in Emerging Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案寻求五年的资金，以检查非裔美国人（AA）和欧洲裔美国人（EA）新兴成年人（年龄20/21-22/23）中导致药物使用成瘾的家庭和背景因素。这项建议建立在以前资助的研究（NIDA，DA 12645 -04），检查父母谁照顾的功效。因此，这项研究利用了已经收集的数据在第八，第九和第十年级。纵向数据提供了多方法，多评分信息的样本163 AA和168 EA青年在关键的中学到高中的过渡。结合父母和青少年的自我报告数据，编码录像观察将为发现青少年与父母互动的微观过程提供宝贵的资产，并且是非洲裔美国青少年及其父母的罕见数据源。在社会发展模型的指导下，这项建议将我们的研究扩展到成年期，这是理解物质使用模式和后果中基于种族差异的起源的关键时期。此外，现有的样本非常适合探索下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴调节的种族差异，这可能使非裔美国人处于药物滥用及其后果的更高风险中。具体来说，我们建议研究AA和EA青年之间的相似性和差异，在物质使用模式和接触水平和影响的具体家庭和更广泛的背景影响物质使用模式从中学到成年初。第二，因为我们已经看到干预措施在减少高危行为方面的显著效果，（毒品，酒精，性行为，暴力）和保护行为（观察到的积极育儿）我们将继续研究自我管理干预和父母和青少年技能小组干预与无治疗对照条件相比对药物使用和滥用，犯罪行为，和危险的性行为。最后，我们将研究基础和昼夜皮质醇测量HPA轴失调的危险因素及其与当前和以后药物使用的关系。本研究填补了物质使用模式中健康差异研究的重要空白，并将有助于我们解决和消除药物使用后果中基于种族的差异的能力。本研究填补了物质使用模式中健康差异公共卫生研究的重要空白，并将有助于我们解决和消除药物使用后果中基于种族的差异的能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks five years of funding to examine family and contextual factors contributing to drug use disparites among African American (AA) and European American (EA) emerging adults (age 20/21-22/23). This proposal builds on a previously funded study (NIDA, DA12645-04), Examining the Efficacy of Parents Who Care. Thus, this study capitalizes on data already collected in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades. The longitudinal data provide multi-method, multi-rater information on a sample of 163 AA and 168 EA youth during the critical middle school to high school transition. In combination with self-reported data from parents and teens, coded videotaped observations will provide a valuable asset for discovering micro-processes of teen-parent interaction and are a rare data source on African American adolescents and their parents. Guided by the Social Development Model, this proposal extends our research into the emerging adulthood period, a period critical to understanding the origins of race based disparities in substance use patterns and consequences. Additionally, the existing sample is well suited to exploring race differences in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, which may place African Americans at higher risk for substance abuse and its consequences. Specifically we propose to examine the similarities and differences between AA and EA youth in patterns of substance use and the level of exposure to and impact of specific family and broader contextual influences on substance use patterns from middle school into emerging adulthood. Second, because we have seen signifcant effects of the intervention on reducing high risk behaviors (drug, alcohol, and sex initiation, violence) and on protective behaviors (observed positive parenting) we will continue to examine race differences in the long-term effects of the self-administered intervention and the parent and teen skills group intervention compared to a no-treatment control condition on drug use and misuse, criminal behavior, and risky sexual behavior through late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Finally, we will examine risk factors for HPA axis dysregulation measured by basal and diurnal cortisol and it's relationship to current and later drug use. This study fills important gaps in the research on health disparities in patterns of substance use, and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race based disparities in the consequences of drug use.This study fills important gaps in public health research on health disparities in patterns of substance use and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race-based disparities in the consequences of drug use.