Iodinated disinfection byproducts from iodine tablets and chloramine disinfe--OLD

描述(由申请人提供)：美国饮用水处理厂最近检测到使用氯胺的碘化消毒副产品(DBP)，氯胺是氯的消毒剂替代品，引入氯胺是为了最大限度地减少四种受监管的氯溴三卤代甲烷(THMs)的形成，这四种氯溴三卤代甲烷(THMs)是潜在的人类致癌物质。饮用水中的碘化THMS和其他DBPs对哺乳动物细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性比氯溴对哺乳动物细胞的毒性更大。因此，检测和最大限度地减少它们对保护公众健康至关重要。我们的研究目的是在我们的实验室中验证检测这些化合物的灵敏和特异的分析方法，测量它们在氯化饮用水中的存在，确定它们在紧急消毒碘片处理的天然水中形成的可能性，测量颗粒活性碳过滤器从水中去除碘化DBPs的能力，并确定使用碘片作为饮用水消毒的使用点策略对人体健康的潜在风险。 与公共健康相关：由于其对人体的明显毒性，加碘消毒副产品对以下方面构成了潜在的公共健康风险：(1)长期依赖碘片或含碘树脂过滤器进行饮用水消毒的军队或和平队志愿者，(2)拥有饮用水处理厂的沿海社区，这些饮用水处理厂用氯胺消毒将碘转化为碘。我们的初步研究旨在测量这两种情况下碘化DBPs的发生情况，并确定与这些暴露相关的潜在人类健康风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have recently been detected in US drinking water treatment plants using chloramine, a disinfectant replacement for chlorine that was introduced in order to minimize the formation of the four regulated chloro-bromo trihalomethanes (THMs), which are potential human carcinogens. The iodinated THMs and other DBPs in drinking water are more genotoxic and cytotoxic to mammalian cells than the chloro-bromo counterparts. Therefore, their detection and minimization is crucial to protect public health. Our study aims to validate, in our laboratory, sensitive and specific analytical methods for detection of these compounds, to measure their occurrence in chloraminated drinking waters, to determine the potential for their formation in natural waters treated with emergency disinfection iodine tablets, to measure the ability of granular activated carbon filters to remove iodinated DBPs from water, and to identify the potential human health risk associated with use of iodine tablets as a point-of- use strategy for disinfection of drinking water. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Due to their apparent toxicity to humans, the iodinated disinfection byproducts pose a potential public health risk to (1) military troops or Peace Corps volunteers that rely on iodine tablets or iodinated resin filters for drinking water disinfection for long periods of time and (2) coastal communities with drinking water treatment plants that treat their high iodide source water with chloramine disinfection which transforms the iodide to iodine. Our pilot study aims to measure the occurrence of iodinated DBPs in both cases and to identify the potential human health risk associated with these exposures.