Obesity, Inflammation and Thrombosis: LOOK AHEAD

描述（由申请人提供）：肥胖糖尿病患者数量的增加，加上他们的高心血管发病率、死亡率和医疗保健支出，给美国带来了巨大的公共卫生问题。肥胖糖尿病患者炎症增加，凝血平衡受损，这两者都被认为是导致动脉粥样硬化血栓事件风险增加的原因。虽然许多国家组织推荐通过饮食疗法、运动和体重管理来改变生活方式作为基础疗法，但没有前瞻性临床试验表明任何减肥方式都能显著减少心血管事件。前瞻性（糖尿病健康行动）研究是一项大型多中心试验，旨在研究与接受糖尿病支持和教育（DSE）的对照组相比，通过饮食和运动的强化生活方式干预（ILI）减肥是否会减少肥胖糖尿病患者的心血管事件。Look AHEAD试验定量评估了个人改变生活方式的哪些方面（饮食、身体活动）以及对肥胖、健康和传统风险因素（血压、血脂、血糖控制）的影响。提出的目标是与Look AHEAD研究人员一起设计的，以检查饮食和运动对炎症和凝血平衡受损的影响。在这项拨款中，我们提出以下目标：1)在Look AHEAD试验中，检查50%的患者的基线肥胖测量（体重、体重指数、腰围等）与促炎（IL-6、CRP）和抗炎（脂联素同型）脂肪细胞因子水平和凝血平衡受损参数（PAI-1、纤维蛋白原、d -二聚体、TAFI）之间的关系，以及这种关系如何受到饮食摄入、身体活动、健康、性别、种族、饮食习惯、饮食习惯和饮食习惯的影响。心血管危险因素和疾病的存在；2)比较ILI与DSE对炎症标志物变化和凝血平衡受损的影响，并研究这些变化与肥胖、饮食摄入、健康和身体活动的变化之间的关系；3)在一项病例对照研究中，研究体重减轻幅度越大如何导致炎症、氧化应激、神经激素调节和凝血平衡受损途径参数的更大变化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The increased number of obese diabetic individuals, coupled with their high cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures, poses an enormous public health problem for the United States. Obese diabetic patients have increased inflammation and impaired coagulant balance, which are both thought to contribute to increased risk for atherothrombotic events. Although lifestyle modification with diet therapy, exercise, and weight management is recommended as foundation therapy by multiple national organizations, there are no prospective clinical trials that have shown significant cardiovascular event reduction by weight loss achieved by any modality. The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study is a large multicenter trial designed to examine whether weight loss through intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) with both diet and exercise will reduce cardiovascular events in obese diabetic individuals compared with a control group that receives diabetes support and education (DSE). The Look AHEAD trial has quantitatively assessed which aspects of lifestyle were modified by individuals (diet, physical activity) and effects on adiposity, fitness, and traditional risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, glycemic control). The proposed aims have been designed in conjunction with the Look AHEAD investigators to examine the effects of diet and exercise on inflammation and impaired coagulant balance. In this grant, we propose the following aims: 1) examine the association between measurements of obesity (weight, body mass index, waist, etc.) at baseline and levels of proinflammatory (IL-6, CRP) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin isoforms) adipocytokines and parameters of impaired coagulant balance (PAI-1, fibrinogen, D-dimer, TAFI) in 50% of patients enrolled in the Look AHEAD trial and how this relationship is influenced by dietary intake, physical activity, fitness, gender, ethnicity, and presence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease; 2) compare the effects of ILI versus DSE on changes in inflammatory markers and impaired coagulant balance between baseline and year 1 and examine how changes are related to changes in adiposity, dietary intake, fitness, and physical activity; 3) examine how greater reductions in weight loss lead to greater changes in parameters that measure pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, neurohormonal regulation, and impaired coagulant balance in a case-control study.