Neighborhood adversity and sensitivity to stress: a study of gene x environment interactions.

摘要 这个K99/R 00独立奖申请的目的是获得培训和行为 研究在空间科学和分子遗传学在戴维斯老年学学院在大学 南加州（USC）。拟议的项目将促进首席研究员向独立研究员的过渡 健康和老龄化，重点是环境和遗传学。PI是一种发展性健康 她是一名心理学家，接受过社会科学多学科方法的严格培训。的 拟议的培训将大大增加PI在社区和健康及遗传研究方面的技能。 犯罪、混乱和腐败程度更高的环境可能是一种慢性压力的情况， 暴露于这种环境可能导致健康状况不佳。这项研究具有重要意义 创新的目的是从方法上促进对邻里关系的理解， 健康，调查解释这种联系的情感和生理途径，并检查年龄和遗传 这一联系的节制。通过与年龄相关的身体功能下降和流动性降低，老年人 可能特别容易受到环境压力的影响。老年是最大的风险因素之一， 心脏代谢疾病，拟议的研究将检查心脏代谢健康的背景下， 环境压力源的多个指标。此外，遗传标记已被确定， 部分解释压力敏感性和心脏代谢疾病的个体差异。Findings from the 拟议的研究有可能为政策和社区规划工作提供信息。 这项拟议中的研究将使用健康与退休研究（HRS）的数据， 50岁及以上人群的样本，以及NIH资助的上下文数据资源。HRS参与者提供 血液和唾液样本，用于分析生理健康和遗传信息，并对 询问他们的邻居和健康状况将在 拟议的研究载有关于社会心理和物理环境压力因素的资料。广义 线性模型将用于检查个人层面的数据（参与者的邻里感知）和多 水平模型将用于社区水平数据（社区SES、犯罪、混乱和衰退）。 南加州大学是进行拟议培训的理想地点，因为有充足的智力，物质和 结构资源可供研究人员在老龄化，分子遗传学，邻里和健康， 心理生理学对R 00研究项目的资助将为PI提供所需的资源， 开发数据和专业知识，以启动独立的研究生涯以及R 01提案审查 额外的环境压力以及老年人的认知和身体虚弱。

ABSTRACT The aim of this K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award application is to obtain training and conduct research in spatial sciences and molecular genetics at the Davis School of Gerontology at the University of Southern California (USC). The proposed projects will facilitate the PI’s transition to an independent researcher in health and aging with emphases in environments and genetics. The PI is a developmental health psychologist and has received rigorous training in multidisciplinary approaches to the social sciences. The proposed training will add substantially to the PI’s skills in neighborhoods and health and genetic research. Environments with a greater degree of crime, disorder, and decay may be a situation of chronic stress, with exposure to such environments potentially resulting in poor health. The proposed research is highly significant and innovative in its aims to methodologically advance understanding of relations between neighborhoods and health, investigate affective and physiological pathways explaining this link, and examine age and genetic moderation of this link. Through age-related declines in physical functioning and reduced mobility, older adults may be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. Older age is one of the largest risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, and the proposed research will examine cardiometabolic health in the context of multiple indices of environmental stressors. Additionally, genetic markers have been identified that are posited to partially explain individual differences in stress sensitivity and cardiometabolic diseases. Findings from the proposed research have the potential to inform policy and community-planning efforts. The proposed research will use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based sample of people 50 years and older, and a NIH-funded Contextual Data Resource. HRS participants provide blood and saliva samples for an analysis of physiological well-being and genetic information and respond to questions about their neighborhoods and their health. The Contextual Data Resource that will be used in the proposed research contains information on psychosocial and physical environmental stressors. Generalized linear models will be used to examine individual-level data (participant neighborhood perceptions) and multi- level models will be used for neighborhood-level data (neighborhood SES, crime, disorder and decay). USC is an ideal location for conducting the proposed training, as there are ample intellectual, material, and structural resources available for researchers in aging, molecular genetics, neighborhoods and health, and psychophysiology. Funding for the R00 research projects will provide the necessary resources for the PI to develop data and expertise to launch an independent research career as well as an R01 proposal examining additional environmental stressors and cognitive and physical frailty among older adults.