Subversion of lysosomal trafficking by HHV-7 U21

项目总结/摘要。本行政补充请求的目的是提供一个国家的- 用于R 01 GM 120735的溶酶体分选的细胞生物学研究的显微镜。所要求的文书将 与Blake Hill博士（R 01 GM 067180.）和Matt Scaglione（R35 GM 119544）为他们的细胞 线粒体分裂和蛋白质稳定的生物学研究。 疱疹病毒已经与它们的宿主共同进化了数亿年。作为我们的适应性免疫 随着系统的进化，疱疹病毒编码的免疫逃避机制也在进化。因为 疱疹病毒在其宿主体内保持潜伏或持续存在， 一套独特的策略，以帮助他们对抗终身宿主免疫反应。这个应用程序的核心 前提是疱疹病毒在进化过程中进行了长达1亿年的基因筛选， 破坏宿主的防御机制，这样做，可以阐明我们可能不知道的细胞生物学过程， 我们试图利用它们的进化来发现细胞生物学中的新概念。的 该项目的长期目标是了解人类细胞的潜在生物学机制， 疱疹病毒-6和-7（HHV-6/7）逃避宿主防御机制。本提案的重点是 了解HHV-7 U21如何将I类MHC分子重新路由到溶酶体，并在此过程中了解 细胞通路被U21篡夺。我们的初步数据表明，U21采用了一种未知的排序方法， 这种机制似乎违背了惯例-几乎可以肯定地利用了一种新的细胞手段， 分类在目标1中，我们评估了U21作为同源四聚体的结构和与自身的缔合， 确定U21的同源寡聚化是否是必需的，其与I类MHC结合并改变路线的能力 分子到溶酶体，并使用RUSH检查U21和I类分子的同步运输 到溶酶体。我们最终寻求U21如何破坏细胞的时间和机制的观点， 溶酶体运输途径，以及这种溶酶体运输途径在U21不存在的情况下如何发挥作用。一 更好地理解这一过程应有助于我们理解基本的基本原则， 溶酶体运输，也导致更彻底的理解这些病毒如何具有如此大的 成功逃避宿主的免疫反应

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT. The goal of this administrative supplement request is to provide a state-of-the- art microscope for cell biological studies of lysosomal sorting for R01GM120735. The requested instrument will be shared equally with Drs. Blake Hill (R01GM067180.) and Matt Scaglione (R35GM119544) for their cell biological studies in mitochondria fission and proteostasis, respectively. The herpesviruses have co-evolved with their hosts for hundreds of millions of years. As our adaptive immune systems evolved, so did the mechanisms of immune evasion encoded by herpesviruses. Because herpesviruses remain latent or persistent within their host throughout life, the herpesviruses have evolved a unique set of strategies to help them contend with the lifelong host immune response. This application’s central premise is that the herpesviruses, in their evolution, have performed a 100 million-year-long genetic screen to undermine host defense mechanisms, and in so doing, can illuminate cell biological processes that we may not yet understand; we seek to take advantage of their evolution to discover new concepts in cell biology. The long term goal of this project is to understand the underlying cell biological mechanisms by which human herpesviruses-6 and -7 (HHV-6/7) escape host defense mechanisms. The focus of this proposal is to understand how HHV-7 U21 reroutes class I MHC molecules to lysosomes, and in so doing, understand the cellular pathway usurped by U21. Our preliminary data indicate that U21 employs an unknown sorting mechanism that seems to defy convention - almost certainly utilizing a novel cellular means of lysosomal sorting. In Aim 1, we assess the structure and association of U21 with itself, as a homotetramers, and determine whether homooligomerization of U21 is necessary its ability to bind to and reroute class I MHC molecules to lysosomes, and use RUSH to examine the synchronous trafficking of U21 and class I molecules to lysosomes. We ultimately seek a temporal and mechanistic view of how U21 undermines the cellular lysosomal trafficking pathway, and how this lysosomal trafficking pathway functions in the absence of U21. A better understanding of this process should contribute to our understanding of basic underlying principles of lysosomal trafficking, and also lead to a more thorough comprehension of how these viruses have such great success in evading the host immune response.