Analyzing the Impacts of Two Influential Early Childhood Programs on Participants through Midlife

项目总结： 该提案寻求对跨学科团队的支持，以收集和分析数据以估计 中年对参与者的影响，以及对他们的孩子的影响 有影响力的幼儿教育项目：HighScope Perry学前教育项目(PPP) 和卡罗莱纳初学者计划(ABC)。这两个项目都是针对弱势群体的， 主要是非洲裔美国儿童。来自这些项目的证据是 在世界各地广泛开展学前教育项目。这两个项目都是 由随机对照试验评估，目前为止，在所有早期评估的实验中，跟踪时间最长 儿童节目(购买力平价到40岁；ABC到34岁)。这些节目很有影响力 因为他们有长期的随访，显示出对年轻人的持续有益影响 成人期。我们正处于完成NIH支持的PPP后续调查的最后阶段，网址为 50岁。我们寻求支持，对ABC进行类似的随访，直到45岁。建议数 研究将以健康和退休研究(HRS)中使用的格式收集数据，这也是 用于为50岁的购买力平价研究收集数据。这两项研究都将包括测量 (一)身心健康，包括代谢和心脏风险因素，以及抑郁； 收入和就业；(3)认知技能和执行功能；(4)非认知技能， 包括毅力和毅力，以及其他人格衡量标准；以及(V)教育和健康 参与者子女的结果。对于这两种干预措施，我们将有自我报告和 关于收入、就业、使用社会服务、犯罪活动和自我保护的行政数据 对健康和认知的报告和直接评估。我们还寻求支持，以分析 购买力平价和ABC数据使用相同的方法。我们对购买力平价和ABC的分析将解释(A) 他们的小样本；(B)偏离最初的随机化方案；(C)测试的效果 关于真实P值的多重假设；(D)非随机磨损；以及(E)污染偏差 当对照组使用替代形式的早期育儿时就会出现这种情况。我们将分析这两个数据 集合使用各种不同的纵向方法。我们将(一)进行动态调解 分析以解释治疗效果的来源；(Ii)将实验估计与非 对可比较人群的技能形成过程的实验估计；(Iii)使用 将实验数据与非实验数据相结合来评价模型的有效性 最近用来预测长期结果的常用短期指标 采取缺乏长期随访的干预措施。此外，我们还将结合实验数据 和可比的非实验数据来进行回报率和成本效益分析 说明干预措施的全部收益和成本，预测样本外 治疗和对照的好处。所有数据集将在完成时公开提供 项目的一部分。

Project Summary: This proposal seeks support for an interdisciplinary team to collect and analyze data to estimate the impacts on participants through midlife, and the impacts on their children, of the two most influential early childhood education programs: the HighScope Perry Preschool Program (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Both programs targeted disadvantaged, predominantly African-American children. Evidence from these programs is the cornerstone of wide-scale initiatives for pre-kindergarten programs around the world. Both programs were evaluated by RCTs and have, by far, the longest follow-ups of any experimentally evaluated early childhood programs (PPP through age 40; ABC through age 34). These programs are influential because they have long-term follow-ups that show persistent beneficial effects through young adulthood. We are in the final stages of completing a NIH-supported follow-up survey of PPP at age 50. We seek support to conduct a similar follow-up for ABC through age 45. The proposed study will collect data in the format used in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is also being used in collecting the data for the PPP at 50 study. Both studies will include measurements of (i) physical and mental health, including metabolic and cardiac risk factors, and depression; (ii) income and employment; (iii) cognitive skills and executive functioning; (iv) noncognitive skills, including grit and perseverance among other personality measures; and (v) education and health outcomes of participants’ children. For both interventions, we will have self-reported and administrative data on earnings, employment, use of social services, criminal activity, and self- reported and direct assessments of health and cognition. We also seek support to analyze the PPP and ABC data using the same methods. Our analyses of PPP and ABC will account for (a) their small samples; (b) departures from initial randomization protocols; (c) the effects of testing multiple hypotheses on true p-values; (d) non-random attrition; and (e) contamination bias that arises when control groups use alternative forms of early childcare. We will analyze both data sets using a variety of different longitudinal approaches. We will (i) conduct dynamic mediation analyses to explain the sources of treatment effects; (ii) relate experimental estimates to the non- experimental estimates of the processes of skill formation for comparable populations; (iii) use the experimental data in conjunction with non-experimental data to assess the validity of commonly used short-term indicators utilized to predict long-term outcomes in more recently launched interventions lacking long-term follow-up. In addition, we will combine experimental data and comparable non-experimental data to conduct rate of return and cost-benefit analyses that account for the full array of benefits and costs of the interventions, projecting the out-of-sample benefits for treatments and controls. All data sets will be made publicly available at the completion of the project.