Comparative electrophysiology: Visual event-related potentials and oscillations

描述(申请人提供)：人类视觉事件相关电位(ERPs)和脑电(EEG)测量视觉处理过程中各种不同的认知操作。视觉事件相关电位和脑电是诊断和研究神经和精神病理疾病的重要工具，此外还揭示了健康的大脑如何将视觉输入转化为适当的反应。然而，还不可能确切地确定哪些脑区产生特定的ERP成分和脑电振荡，这些成分和脑电振荡与部署视觉注意力、视觉工作记忆存储和监控任务表现有关。这个项目的更新将支持我们的工作，定位在使用人类和非人类灵长类动物执行视觉任务期间产生的ERP组件和振荡信号的来源。在后者中，我们将在记录局部场电位的同时记录无创性事件相关电位和脑电。来自猴子和人类执行相同视觉任务的初步证据表明，人类和猕猴的ERP成分之间存在同源性，脑电中特定频段的调制提供了视觉注意力的分配、视觉信息在视觉工作记忆中的存储和性能监控的指标。通过同时研究人类和猴子，该项目将允许临床医生和健康研究人员使用非侵入性记录的视觉和反应诱发的脑电活动和ERP成分，以了解特定大脑区域是否正常运作，并建立特定疾病的动物模型。与公众健康相关：这项研究计划的总体目标是使用常见的电生理指标对人类和猴子进行比较研究。然后，开发技术来确定非人类灵长类动物是否表现出电生理振荡和事件相关电位，这些电位指示与用于研究人类精神和其他健康障碍的认知过程相同的认知过程。我们以前的工作证明了这些常见的电生理测量是存在的，本项目将使用人类和猴子来确定这些电位在大脑中的哪里产生。这些方法将为卫生研究人员提供一种方法，以开发人类健康疾病的动物模型，发现潜在原因，并测试潜在的治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) measure a variety of different cognitive operations during visual processing. Visual ERPs and EEG are vital tools in diagnosing and studying neurological and psychopathological disorders, in addition to revealing how the health brain turns visual inputs into appropriate responses. However, it is not possible to definitively determine what brain areas generate specific ERP components and EEG oscillations related to deploying visual attention, visual working memory storage, and monitoring task performance. The renewal of this project will support our work localizing the sources of ERP components and oscillatory signatures elicited during the performance of visual tasks using both humans and nonhuman primates. In the latter we will record noninvasive ERPs and EEG simultaneously with intracranial recordings of local field potentials. Preliminary evidence from monkeys and humans performing identical visual tasks demonstrates homology between human and macaque ERP components and the modulation of specific frequency bands in the EEG providing indices of the deployment of visual attention, the storage of visual information in visual working memory, and performance monitoring. By concurrently studying humans and monkeys this project will allow clinicians and health researchers to use the visually and response evoked EEG activity and ERP components recorded noninvasively from humans to access whether specific brain regions are functioning properly and also to develop animal models of specific disorders. Relevance to public health: The overall goal of this research program is to perform comparative studies of humans and monkeys using common electrophysiological measures. Then, to develop techniques to determine whether nonhuman primates exhibit electrophysiological oscillations and event-related potentials indexing the same cognitive processes as those used to study mental and other health disorders in humans. Our previous work demonstrates that these common electrophysiological measures exist and the present project will use humans and monkeys to determine where in the brain these potentials are generated. These methods will provide a way for health researchers to develop animal models of human health disorders, discover underlying causes, and test potential treatments.