Self-selected diet composition, adherence to caloric restriction, and cardiometabolic disease risk

项目总结 卡路里限制(CR)是一种有希望的营养策略，具有降低年龄风险的潜力 相关疾病。国立卫生研究院资助的CALERIE(长期和长期的综合评估 减少能量摄入的影响)是第一个证明实现以下目标的可行性的临床试验 健康、非肥胖成人的持续、适度的CR。心脏代谢危险因素显著减少 CR组与自由摄取对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。这项为期两年的研究 在此期间，参与者被规定了一个卡路里摄入量目标，但他们自己选择了自己的饮食，并且有显著的变异性 在客观测量的依从性中观察到CR。检查CR期间的饮食组成与 随机性摄入量将有助于确定可能导致这种可变性的因素。新出现的证据表明 饮食中大量营养素的比例在影响健康方面发挥着重要和独立的作用。 对老鼠的研究表明，低蛋白质、高碳水化合物的饮食与更长的健康寿命有关。这 观察结果与更大的饱腹感和更低的能量摄入与更高的蛋白质相关的发现相矛盾 节食。由于较高的蛋白质摄入量可能支持坚持CR方案，因此需要进一步研究 确定是否可以针对更长的健康寿命和CR依从性来优化饮食结构。这个 拟议的研究直接对NIH FOA PA-18-824做出贡献，并将使用CALERIE数据来评估 膳食结构对CR依从性及心脏代谢性疾病危险因素的影响 修改。公开可用的CALERIE数据库包括自我选择的全面衡量标准 饮食构成，卡路里摄入量的客观衡量，以及各种健康结果，包括 炎症和心脏代谢的危险因素。我们将使用营养几何框架(GFN)，一个 最先进的分析方法，可以同时评估多种饮食成分和 确定它们与疾病风险的关联。确定这些饮食因素对 优化对CR的依从性，并用于预防和治疗与年龄相关的慢性病。我们 假设饮食成分与非肥胖、无疾病人群中成功的CR有关 将为心脏代谢性疾病的风险人群带来更大的好处，例如患有 超重或肥胖。我们的长期目标是为我们的结果提供饮食干预策略的信息，以促进 减少心脏代谢风险，减轻与年龄相关的慢性疾病的负担。

PROJECT SUMMARY Calorie restriction (CR) is a promising nutritional strategy that has the potential to attenuate the risk of age- related disease. The National Institutes of Health-funded CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) was the first clinical trial to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving sustained, moderate CR in healthy, non-obese adults. Remarkable reductions in cardiometabolic risk factors were observed in the CR group compared with the ad libitum intake control group. Over the two-year study period, participants were prescribed a caloric intake target but self-selected their diet, and notable variability was observed in objectively measured adherence to CR. Examining diet composition during CR compared to ad libitum intake will help identify factors that may contribute to this variability. Emerging evidence suggests that the ratio of macronutrients in the diet plays an important and independent role in influencing health. Studies in mice indicate that a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is associated with a longer healthspan. This observation contradicts findings of greater satiety and lower energy intake associated with a higher protein diet. As higher protein intake likely supports adherence to a CR regimen, further research is needed to determine whether dietary composition can be optimized for both longer healthspan and CR adherence. The proposed research directly contributes to the NIH FOA PA-18-824 and will use CALERIE data to evaluate the effect of dietary composition on adherence to CR and resultant cardiometabolic disease risk factor modification. The publicly available CALERIE database includes comprehensive measures of self-selected diet composition, an objective measure of caloric intake, and a variety of health outcomes including inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk factors. We will use the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN), a state-of-the-art analytical approach that can simultaneously evaluate multiple dietary components and determine their associations with disease risk. Identifying these dietary factors has important implications for optimizing adherence to CR and for the prevention and treatment of age-related chronic disease. We hypothesize that dietary components associated with successful CR in a non-obese, disease-free population will confer even stronger benefits in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease, such as populations with overweight or obesity. Our long-term goal is for our results to inform dietary intervention strategies to facilitate CR, attenuate cardiometabolic risk, and reduce the burden of age-related chronic disease.