Influences of Executive and Memory Functioning on Memory for the Sources of Actions and Words

项目摘要 源记忆涉及记住一段目标信息（例如，一 事实或陈述）。源记忆通常表现出更大的与年龄相关的衰退 比孤立的目标信息记忆更有效。了解认知机制 因此，这种下降的基础对于帮助老年人跟上信息时代的步伐是重要的， 其中大量信息来自不同质量的来源。一个特别重要 源记忆的类型包括对动作源的记忆。记住哪些人 执行哪些行动是至关重要的社会功能，使人们能够归因于信贷的人 他们提供帮助，并指责那些做出消极行为的人。Kersten等人（在 出版社）已经揭示，认知机制的基础记忆的来源， 行动可能不同于记忆的机制，因为言语的来源 信息.言语信息的来源记忆通常与正面相关- 介导的执行功能，如注意力控制，工作记忆和设置转换。在 相反，Kersten等人发现，对动作来源的记忆与更多的 基本的联想记忆机制，可能由内侧颞叶脑区介导。的 一项拟议中的研究旨在检查年轻人和老年人的记忆能力。 行动和言语的来源，并将这些能力与执行和 记忆功能本研究的具体目的是：（1）研究相似性 以及年轻人和老年人记忆中的认知机制差异， 动作和文字的来源，（2）创建一组视频刺激，供研究人员使用， 希望研究行动来源的记忆，（3）收集来源的基线测量 在老年参与者的样本中对行动的记忆，允许人们检查预测性 这种类型的源记忆为以后发展的病理条件相关联 与内侧颞叶功能，如轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病。 这项拟议中的研究将通过对健康的年轻人和老年人进行测试来实现这些目标。 他们对一系列简短的视频剪辑的记忆，这些视频剪辑描绘了演员表演动作或说话的场景。 动词短语他们还将接受其他执行和记忆功能的测试， 允许检查作为动作源记忆基础的认知机制。

PROJECT SUMMARY Source memory involves remembering the context in which a piece of target information (e.g., a fact or statement) was presented. Source memory typically exhibits greater age-related decline than does memory for target information in isolation. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying this decline is thus important to help older adults keep pace with the information age, in which a wealth of information comes from sources of varying quality. A particularly important type of source memory involves memory for the sources of actions. Remembering which people performed which actions is critical to social functioning, allowing one to attribute credit to people who provide help and to assign blame to people who commit negative actions. Kersten et al. (in press) have revealed that the cognitive mechanisms underlying memory for the sources of actions may be different from the mechanisms underlying memory for the sources of verbal information. Source memory for verbal information has typically been associated with frontally- mediated executive functions, such as attentional control, working memory, and set shifting. In contrast, Kersten et al. found that memory for the sources of actions was associated with more basic associative memory mechanisms, likely mediated by medial temporal brain regions. The proposed research is designed to examine the abilities of young and older adults to remember the sources of actions and words, and to relate these abilities to measures of executive and memory functioning. The specific aims of the proposed research are (1) to examine similarities and differences in the cognitive mechanisms underlying young and older adults' memory for the sources of actions and words, (2) to create a set of video stimuli for use by researchers who wish to study memory for the sources of actions, and (3) to collect baseline measures of source memory for actions in a sample of older participants, allowing one to examine the predictiveness of this type of source memory for the later development of pathological conditions associated with medial temporal lobe function, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. The proposed research would achieve these aims by testing healthy young and older adults on their memory for a series of brief video clips depicting actors performing actions or speaking verbal phrases. They will also be given other tests of executive and memory functioning, allowing for an examination of the cognitive mechanisms underlying source memory for actions.