权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Adult Age Differences in Binding Actors and Actions

约束演员和动作的成人年龄差异

基本信息

批准号：
6757012
负责人：
ALAN W KERSTEN
金额：
$ 20.67万
依托单位：
FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-09-30 至 2008-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6757012
关键词：
age difference behavioral /social science research tag clinical research disease /disorder model hippocampus human old age (65+)human subject memory disorders model design /development neuroanatomy psychological models social perception statistics /biometry young adult human (21-34)

项目摘要

Accurate memory for an event requires one to associate, or bind together, the different components of the event, such as the people involved, the actions that they perform, the objects that are acted upon, and the context in which the event occurs. A growing body of evidence suggests that the ability to bind information in memory diminishes with increased age in adulthood. The proposed research is designed to investigate age-related declines in one particular type of binding ability, namely the ability to bind people with their actions. This type of binding ability is crucial for memory functioning both in everyday contexts and in the less common but especially important context of eyewitness testimony. Binding people with actions is a difficult task, however, as indicated by a phenomenon known as unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, an eyewitness mistakenly associates a familiar person with the actions of another person. Given the evidence for an age-related decline in binding ability, we predict that older adults should be particularly susceptible to unconscious transference. A better understanding of the conditions under which older adults are susceptible to unconscious transference is critical to knowing when older adult testimony should be accepted with confidence and when it should be regarded with caution. The specific aims of the proposed research are (1) to develop a laboratory model of unconscious transference that will allow us to test people's ability to associate actors with actions, (2) to compare the rate of unconscious transference in young and older adults, and (3) to examine the impact of familiarity, conscious recollection, distraction, frequency of exposure, response deadlines, temporal contiguity, and photograph exposure on the likelihood of unconscious transference in young and older adults. The proposed research would achieve these aims using a method that involves presenting young adults aged 18 - 30 and community-dwelling older adults aged 60-90 with a series of brief video clips depicting a number of different actors performing a number of different actions. Participants would later be tested on their memory for these video clips. The crucial test items would involve a familiar actor performing an action that had been performed by a different actor at encoding. The false recognition of these items can be used as a measure of unconscious transference, allowing one to examine the conditions under which young and older adults are susceptible to this phenomenon.

对一个事件的准确记忆需要一个人将事件的不同组成部分联系在一起，比如参与的人，他们执行的动作，被作用的对象，以及事件发生的背景。越来越多的证据表明，在成年期，随着年龄的增长，记忆中结合信息的能力会减弱。这项拟议中的研究旨在调查一种特定类型的约束能力（即用行为约束人们的能力）与年龄相关的下降。这种类型的结合能力对于记忆功能至关重要，无论是在日常环境中还是在更少的环境中。目击者证词的常见但特别重要的背景。然而，用行动约束人们是一项艰巨的任务，正如一种被称为无意识转移的现象所表明的那样。在无意识的移情中，目击者错误地将熟悉的人与另一个人的行为联系起来。鉴于结合能力与年龄有关的证据，我们预测老年人应该特别容易受到无意识转移的影响。更好地了解老年人易受无意识移情影响的条件，对于了解何时应自信地接受老年人的证词以及何时应谨慎对待老年人的证词至关重要。拟议研究的具体目标是（1）开发一个无意识转移的实验室模型，使我们能够测试人们将演员与行动联系起来的能力，（2）比较年轻人和老年人的无意识转移率，（3）检查熟悉度，有意识回忆，分心，暴露频率，反应截止日期，时间连续性，和照片曝光对年轻人和老年人无意识移情的可能性。拟议的研究将使用一种方法来实现这些目标，该方法涉及向18 - 30岁的年轻人和60-90岁的社区居住老年人提供一系列简短的视频剪辑，这些视频剪辑描绘了一些不同的演员表演一些不同的行动参与者随后将测试他们对这些视频剪辑的记忆。关键的测试项目将涉及一个熟悉的参与者执行一个由不同参与者在编码时执行的动作。对这些项目的错误识别可以作为无意识移情的一种衡量标准，让人们可以检查年轻人和老年人容易受到这种现象影响的条件。