The Relationships Between Vortices, Acoustics, and Vibration in Vocal Fold Asymmetries

 描述(申请人提供)：单侧声带麻痹(UVFP)可以表现为膜皱褶左右位置的结构不对称，声带的高度、长度、张力和颧骨位置。在外科手术中，关于如何恢复最佳发声功能经常存在争议。我们在以前的R01中的工作显示，关闭时在分叉声门的上部形成涡流，并与流速的变化有关，例如更大的气流偏斜(以前认为只是由于声道惰性增加造成的)，以及对响度和清晰度的有利影响。因此，我们假设，更好地了解这些涡流及其对流速和声学的影响，将为评估和设计新的手术治疗单侧瘫痪和其他以结构不对称为特征的疾病开辟新的范式。到目前为止，我们的发现是基于二维(2D)测量，而声门内几何结构和流速在所有三维(3D)中都发生了变化。将我们的技术从2D扩展到3D将允许完成以下特定目标：特定目标1.使用计算和切除犬喉模型的组合，表征声道惯性、声门内涡和组织弹性对折叠的内侧表面动力学、声门出口处的体积流速和以下模型中的声学的影响：1.切除犬喉，声带长度、高度和僵硬相对对称。1B.切除犬喉，声带长度、高度和僵硬不对称。1C。切除的犬喉有不同的植入形状和声门下中化程度的I型甲状腺成形术。1D.切除犬喉，行I型甲状腺成形术，内收和不内收两种情况。具体目的2.在声道机械切除犬喉模型中，使用体积粒子成像测速仪直接在声门出口处测量体积流率，在口腔使用反滤波间接测量体积流率。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) can present with structural asymmetries in left-right position of the membranous folds, vocal fold height, length, tension, and arytenoid position. Surgically there is often controversy on how to restore optimal vocal function. Work in our previous R01 showed vortices form in the superior aspect of the divergent glottis during closing, and are associated with changes in the flow rate such as greater flow skewing (previously thought to be only caused by increased vocal tract inertance), and with favorable effects on loudness and intelligibility. Thus we hypothesize a better understanding of these vortices, and their effect on flow rate and acoustics, will open up a new paradigm to evaluate and design new surgical interventions for unilateral paralysis and other conditions featuring structural asymmetries. So far our findings are based on two-dimensional (2D) measurements whereas intraglottal geometry and flow rate change in all three-dimensions (3D). The extention of our technique from 2D to 3D will allow completion of the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Using a combination of computational and excised canine larynx models, characterize the effects of vocal tract inertance, intraglottal vortices and tissue elasticity on te medial surface dynamics of the folds, volumetric flow rate at the glottal exit, and acoustics in th following models: 1A. Excised canine larynx with relative symmetry in vocal fold length, height, and stiffness. 1B. Excised canine larynx with asymmetries in vocal fold length, height, and stiffness. 1C. Excised canine larynges that have a Thyroplasty Type I with various implant shapes and degrees of infraglottal medialization. 1D. Excised canine larynges that have Thyroplasty Type I with and without arytenoid adduction. Specific Aim 2. Volumetric flow rate will be measured directly at the glottal exit using volumetric particle imaging velocimetry and indirectly at the mouth using inverse filtering in an excised canine larynx model with a mechanical vocal tract.