The Relationship between Vortices, Acoustics, and Vibration in Vocal Fold Assymet

项目概要/摘要 许多声音障碍的特征是结构性声带不对称，例如声音的差异。 声带左右位置、高度、长度或僵硬度（例如单侧声带麻痹和麻痹，声带麻痹） 声带息肉、声带瘢痕等）。当不对称是温和的，目前的治疗是有效的 对于大多数患者来说。然而，当不对称性显著或多重时， 不确定这样的病人代表了一个重要的健康问题，因为他们的声音的严重性， 疾病严重影响他们的身体、心理和经济。在任何领域，临床 关于干预策略的决策取决于临床结果数据的组合， 对潜在机制的理解。对于这些患者，由于临床数据 有限，因为问题是如此复杂，科学的理解如何结构 不对称性影响声带振动和声音产生是特别重要的。 人们早就认识到，涡流或旋转运动的区域发生在大气中。 喉气流，但其相关性尚不清楚。使用完善的实验和 从工程的理论方法，我们已经发现的证据表明，旋涡结构是 特别是在声带不对称的情况下。在之前的工作中，由K-8支持， 授予首席研究员，我们的团队已经测量了发声气流的速度场， 切除的犬喉，特别是对量化涡流感兴趣。我们完成的研究 （Khosla等人，2007，2008 a和2009; Murugappan，Khosla等人，（2009）支持 本申请的总体假设的基础是：声门气流包含 某些漩涡结构，显着有助于声学;在某些 在喉部病变中，这些旋涡结构被减少或消除。是 改变和/或抑制这些导致异常声音的涡流 生产最有效地恢复特定漩涡的治疗将有最好的声音 成果。 为了检验中心假设，我们建议围绕以下内容组织我们的研究 具体目标。将使用切除的犬和人喉用于所有目的。 具体目标1 -使用计算和验证的切除半喉模型，表征 涡流和组织弹性对声带振动和声学的影响。 具体目标2 -涡流、组织弹性、声带振动和声学将被测量为 不同的临床相关结构不对称的功能。 具体目标3 -结构不对称性、振动不对称性和声学的变化将 在单次手术或以下手术组合后测量单侧声带 皱襞麻痹：1型甲状腺成形术、内收性软骨固定术和环甲半脱位

Project Summary/Abstract Many voice disorders feature structural vocal fold asymmetries, such as a difference in vocal fold left-right position, height, length or stiffness (e.g. unilateral vocal fold paresis and paralysis, vocal fold polyps, vocal fold scarring, etc.). When the asymmetries are mild, present therapies are effective for most patients. However, when the asymmetries are significant or multiple, outcomes are more uncertain. Such patients represent an important health problem, because the severity of their voice disorder significantly affects them physically, psychologically and economically. In any field, clinical decision-making about intervention strategies depends on a combination of clinical outcome data and the understanding of underlying mechanisms. For these patients, both because clinical data are limited and because the problems are so complex, scientific understanding of how structural asymmetries affect vocal fold vibration and voice production is particularly important. It has long been acknowledged that vortices, or areas of rotational motion, occur in the laryngeal airflow, but their relevance has not been clear. Using well-established experimental and theoretical approaches from engineering, we have found evidence that vortical structures are particularly relevant in cases of vocal fold asymmetries. In this previous work, supported by a K-8 grant to the principal investigator, our team has measured velocity fields of phonatory airflow in excised canine larynges, with particular interest in quantifying vortices. Our completed studies (Khosla et al., 2007, 2008a and 2009; Murugappan, Khosla et al., 2009) provide a supportive foundation to the overarching hypothesis of this application, which is: glottal airflow contains certain vortical structures that significantly contribute to the acoustics; and that in certain laryngeal pathologies, these vortical structures are reduced or eliminated. It is the modification and/or suppression of these vortices that contribute to abnormal voice production. Treatments that most effectively restore specific vortices will have the best voice outcomes. In order to test the central hypothesis, we propose to organize our study around the following specific aims. Excised canine and human larynges will be used for all aims. Specific Aim 1 - Using computational and validated excised hemilarynx models, characterize the effects of vortices and tissue elasticity on vocal fold vibration and acoustics. Specific Aim 2 - Vortices, tissue elasticity, vocal fold vibration and acoustics will be measured as functions of different, clinically relevant structural asymmetries. Specific Aim 3 -The change in structural asymmetries, vibratory asymmetries and acoustics will be measured after a single procedure or a combination of the following procedures for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: Thyroplasty Type 1, Adduction Arytenopexy and Cricothyroid Subluxation