AdaptiSPECT-C: A Next-Generation, Adaptive Brain-Imaging SPECT System for Drug Discovery and Clinical Imaging

分子成像的进步正在产生新一代的单光子发射计算- 断层扫描(SPECT)脑显像剂将通过以下方式引领理解人脑 使生物标记物的开发具有前所未有的特异性，用于绘制神经受体和 与疾病和痴呆症相关的蛋白质病。SPECT是一种理想的示踪成像工具 研究大脑疾病的潜在机制，鉴别诊断，并监测其 治疗，因为它的成本和辐射剂量相对于PET更低，放射性核素的半衰期更长 成像，以及同时成像标记不同放射性核素的多个显像剂的能力。 然而，大多数临床脑SPECT仍然是由设计了准直器的双头系统进行的 用于平面闪烁成像。为了满足这些新的显像剂提供更好的患者护理的潜力， 并极大地提高了现有试剂的效用，SPECT脑成像系统设计中的一场革命是 必填项。 在生物医学研究伙伴关系(BRP)应用程序的第一阶段，我们建议满足以下要求 理想情况下通过创建多探测器模块多针孔(MPH)SPECT脑成像系统来满足需求 适用于定量、动态和高空间分辨率的静态SPECT成像。基于它的传统和 为了便于临床成像，我们将该系统命名为AdaptiSPECT-C。动态成像将是 通过在不需要旋转的情况下获得足够的角度采样实现。系统将自动 调整其成像特性(孔径大小和为成像打开的针孔数量)以响应 成像任务和个别患者。因此，它将优化病变检测和量化，以及 为整个大脑结构内的药代动力学分析提供最佳数据。自动 与患者现有的CT诊断研究保持一致以用于提供解剖相关性， 衰减图和PVE校正模板的形成将通过使用深度- 传感摄像头，这也将用于纠正头部运动。AdaptiSPECT-C与 临床系统将通过InviCRO进行，InviCRO是美国最大的合同研究组织之一 (CRO)服务于制药行业。这些研究将为系统提供文献资料 使大型制药公司能够使用该系统收集临床数据所需的性能 是FDA批准新药所必需的。 我们的具体目标是：1.构建一个自适应的脑SPECT系统，并测试性能与 设计规范；2.开发重建软件以优化图像质量和活跃度 量化；3.集成深度传感相机成像以校正患者运动并对齐现有CT 整合分析软件，通过原型人体成像对系统进行验证。

Advances in molecular imaging are yielding a new generation of single-photon-emission-computed- tomography (SPECT) brain-imaging agents that will lead the way in understanding the human brain by enabling the development of biomarkers with unprecedented specificity for mapping neuroreceptors and proteinopathies associated with disease and dementia. SPECT is an ideal tracer-imaging tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms in brain disorders, their differential diagnoses, and monitoring their treatment because of its lower cost and radiation dose relative to PET, longer half-lives of the radionuclides imaged, and ability to simultaneously image multiple imaging agents labeled with different radionuclides. However, most clinical brain SPECT is still being performed by 2-headed systems with collimators designed for planar scintigraphy. To meet the potential for better patient care offered by these new imaging agents, and vastly improve the utility of existing agents, a revolution in SPECT brain-imaging system design is required. In Phase 1 of this Biomedical Research Partnership (BRP) application we propose to meet this requirement by creating a multi-detector-module multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT brain-imaging system ideally suited for quantitative dynamic and high-spatial-resolution static SPECT imaging. Based on its heritage and intent for clinical imaging, we have named this proposed system AdaptiSPECT-C. Dynamic imaging will be enabled by obtaining sufficient angular sampling without the need for rotation. The system will automatically adapt its imaging characteristics (aperture size and number of pinholes open for imaging) in response to the imaging tasks and individual patients. It will thereby optimize lesion detection and quantification, as well as provide optimal data for pharmacokinetic analysis within structures throughout the brain. Automatic alignment to existent CT diagnostic studies of the patient for use in providing anatomical correlation, formation of attenuation maps, and templates for PVE correction will be enabled through usage of depth- sensing cameras, which will also be used for correction for head motion. Comparison of AdaptiSPECT-C to clinical systems will be conducted through inviCRO, one of the nation's top contract research organizations (CROs) serving the pharmaceutical industry. These studies will provide the documentation of system performance necessary to enable “Big-Pharma” companies to use the system to gather the clinical data necessary for FDA approval of new pharmaceuticals. Our Specific Aims are: 1. Construct an adaptable brain-SPECT system and test performance versus design specifications; 2. Develop reconstruction software for optimal image quality and activity quantification; 3.Integrate depth-sensing camera imaging to correct patient motion and align existent CT slices; and 4. Incorporate analysis software, and validate system through prototype human imaging.