Malaria vectorial system and vector control in Southeast Asia

项目2总结 大湄公河次区域疟疾流行病学具有高度的空间和时间特征 异质性伴随着不同媒介物种的存在，它们具有不同的空间分布、季节性 动态、生态位需求、寄主取食偏好和媒介能力。矢量控制是一种 疟疾控制的综合组成部分。蚊虫叮咬行为的变化和蚊子的出现 对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的抗药性使常规拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和拟除虫菊酯 在减少疟疾传播方面，以室内残留喷雾为主的效果较差。环境变化，特别是 由于砍伐森林，也导致了不同的生物学和媒介地位的戏剧性变化 按蚊物种。因此，对这种变化和新抗性发展的最新认识 迫切需要监测工具。为了应对病媒控制方面的这些紧迫挑战，我们 在中国、泰国和缅甸选定的国际边境地区1)确定环境如何 变化对蚊虫群落结构的影响，2)研究蚊子表型可塑性和 描述主要按蚊媒介物种的景观遗传学，3)识别蚊子是否发生变化 咬人行为是用基因组学技术从基因上确定的，4)确定咬的程度， 一种主要疟疾媒介的抗药性分布及其机制。的总体目标 该项目旨在了解不同生态和流行病学环境中的媒介系统，并 为GMS中有效的矢量控制开发所需的知识库。

PROJECT 2 SUMMARY Malaria epidemiology in the Greater Mekong Subregion is characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogeneity with the presence of diverse vector species, which have different spatial distribution, seasonal dynamics, ecological niche requirement, host feeding preference and vector competence. Vector control is an integrated component of malaria control. The changes in mosquito biting behavior and emergence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides make the conventional pyrethroid insecticide-treated nets and pyrethroid- based indoor residual spray less effective in reducing malaria transmission. Environmental changes, especially due to deforestation, also have led to dramatic changes in the bionomics and vectorial status of different Anopheles species. Therefore, updated knowledge on such changes and development of new resistance monitoring tools are critically needed. In order to address these pressing challenges in vector control, we selected international border regions in China, Thailand and Myanmar to 1) determine how environmental changes affect the mosquito community structures, 2) study the mosquito phenotypic plasticity and characterize landscape genetics of a major Anopheles vector species, 3) identify whether changes of mosquito biting behaviors are genetically determined using genomics technology, and 4) determine the extent, distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector. The overarching objectives of this project are to understand the vectorial system in diverse ecological and epidemiological settings and to develop the needed knowledge base for effective vector control in the GMS.