Relationships with Adult Children & Cognitive Func - Resubmission - 1

不同社会群体和国家与成年儿童的关系和认知功能 项目摘要/摘要 发现可能减缓认知衰退的过程是国家计划中确定的一个关键研究目标 解决阿尔茨海默氏症。研究表明，社会融合和支持预示着认知能力减慢 拒绝。然而，很少有研究调查特定类型和特征的社会关系 与认知健康有关。成年子女是老年人社会支持的重要来源，也就是 随着寿命的延长，其重要性与日俱增。与成年人关系密切并经常接触的老年人 孩子们可能有更好的途径获得与情感、物质和健康相关的支持，这些支持有助于 认知能力下降。与成年子女的频繁互动也可能提供有助于保持 认知功能是有机的。然而，亲子关系的含义因种族、阶级和 性别，以及与成年子女的关系中支持认知的方面可能对 一些弱势群体。与成年子女的关系和认知之间的关系也可能取决于 在国家背景下，在依赖家庭提供老年人护理的国家尤其重要。 这个项目旨在扩大关于与成年子女的关系如何与 希望找到这些关系中可能有助于减缓认知衰退的方面。 具体地说，它将使用来自健康和退休研究(HRS)和国家社会调查的纵向数据 生活、健康和老龄化项目(NSHAP)，以检查对存在的支持和压力的感知 美国50岁以上成年人与成年子女的倾诉关系、接触频率和共同居住情况 与接下来的十年的认知功能有关(具体目标1)。这些分析调查了 一种假设，即与一个或多个成年子女关系密切的老年人患糖尿病的几率较低 认知能力下降比没有父母和无子女的同龄人要好。研究的第二部分将评估种族， 这些关系中的阶级和性别差异(具体目标2)。这些发现可能有助于 解释了这些群体之间的认知差异，以及揭示了他们 可能会被解决。该项目的第三部分也是最后一部分将探讨 是否存在与成年子女的信任关系、与成年子女接触的频率以及与成年子女的同居和认知不同 使用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查对美国和欧洲的老年人进行比较 (分享；具体目标3)。这一目标的发现将突出具体的国家背景，在这种背景下，与 成年子女对认知的益处最大。将对这些二级数据源进行分析 使用多水平增长曲线模型(用于HRS和SHARE)和交叉滞后面板模型(用于NSHAP 和分享)。NSHAP和SHARE的分析也将使用逆概率加权来帮助解释 选拔过程。结合这三个目标，该项目将产生关于是否和 在什么情况下，亲子关系可以保护认知健康。

Relationships with Adult Children and Cognitive Functioning across Social Groups and Nations Project Summary/Abstract Uncovering processes that may slow cognitive decline is a key research goal identified in the National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease. Studies show that social integration and support predict slower cognitive decline. However, few studies have investigated how specific types and characteristics of social relationships are related to cognitive health. Adult children are a highly salient source of social support to aging adults that is growing in importance as life spans lengthen. Older adults with close ties to and frequent contacts with adult children may have better access to the emotional, material, and health-related support that helps stem cognitive decline. Frequent interaction with adult children may also provide stimulation that helps maintain cognitive functioning organically. Yet, the meanings of parent-child relationships vary across race, class, and gender, and aspects of relationships with adult children that support cognition may be especially beneficial to some vulnerable groups. The relationship between ties to adult children and cognition may also depend on national context, and be particularly important in countries that rely on families to provide elder care. This project intends to expand knowledge about how relationships with adult children are related to cognition in hopes of locating aspects of these relationships that may help to slow cognitive decline. Specifically, it will use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to examine how perceptions of support and strain from, the presence of confiding ties to, frequency of contact with, and coresidence with adult children among U.S. adults age 50+ are related to cognitive functioning over the following ten years (Specific Aim 1). These analyses investigate the hypothesis that older persons with close relationships to one or more adult child will have slower rates of cognitive decline than parents who do not and childless peers. The second part of the study will assess race, class and gender differences in these relationships (Specific Aim 2). The findings may contribute to explanations for disparities in cognition among these groups, as well as reveal mechanisms through which they might be addressed. The third and last part of the project will explore whether relationships between the presence of confiding ties to, frequency of contact with, and coresidence with adult children and cognition differ between older adults in the U.S. and Europe using the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; Specific Aim 3). Findings of this aim will highlight specific national contexts under which close ties to adult children may benefit cognition most. The analysis of these secondary data sources will be carried out using multilevel growth curve models (for the HRS and SHARE) and cross-lagged panel models (for NSHAP and SHARE). Analyses of NSHAP and SHARE will also use inverse probability weighting to help account for selection processes. Combining the three aims, this project will generate needed insights about whether and under what circumstances parent-child relationships protect cognitive health.