Impact of Numeracy on Risk Perceptions of Tobacco-Related Diseases

项目摘要/摘要 2019年，每100名18岁及以上的美国成年人中有近14人(14.0%)目前吸烟。当前 烟草使用风险沟通的策略包括使用定量信息来解释 将发生使用产品的后果(以防止开始/鼓励停用)或解释减少 在更换产品或退出时的风险。尽管算术能力的提高(理解数字的能力 信息)可以增加健康的行为，但在关于算术能力如何的研究中存在一个关键障碍 与烟草使用相关的风险理解和决策。关于这一点，还有一个差距 这种关系因人口统计因素而异。我的总体项目目标是检查以下各项之间的相互关系 算术、风险认知、烟草产品使用、戒烟和产品转换。这些发现将提供 为不同算力水平的个人量身定做风险沟通的证据。在F99阶段，我们 将分析横截面和纵向数据，以确定是否存在关联 算术、风险理解和烟草使用行为，以及这些关联是否因人口统计学而不同 各种因素。我们将利用这些发现来确定公共卫生活动的目标人群以及如何 风险应该被传达。在K00阶段，我们的目标是发现、保护、实现、评估和修改公共 传播风险信息的健康运动战略。风险沟通将针对以下方面量身定制 具有不同计算水平的亚群。算术能力、风险认知与烟草相关行为 预计是相关的，为亚人群量身定做的风险沟通提供证据 有着不同的计算能力。通过识别人口的哪些部分具有低计算能力(F99阶段)， 这些特定的子组可以通过量身定做的教育活动来定位，这些活动在 算术级别的适当方式(K00阶段)。这个项目将同时使用客观和主观计算 措施，不同类型的风险感知措施，并将着眼于熟悉的(例如肺癌)和不熟悉的 (例如，膀胱癌)与烟草相关的健康风险。我们将分析来自全国具有代表性的数据集的数据 (烟草与健康人口评估(PATH)，健康信息全国趋势调查 (提示)和成人能力国际评估计划(PIAAC))，其中包括 人口统计、烟草使用、风险认知和计算方法。拟议的研究将探讨 计算和对烟草相关疾病的风险认知，并将通过以下方式增加这一领域的现有文献 重点研究其与特定的烟草相关健康行为的关系：使用、戒烟和产品转换。 这项研究将通过探索如何最好地降低烟草产品的风险来推进癌症预防领域。 与需要它的团体进行沟通。这些交流将鼓励健康的行为，并减少 与烟草相关的疾病后果(如癌症)。这些发现将有助于告知谁应该成为目标 公共卫生运动，应如何传播风险，以及这些运动是否有效。

Project Summary/Abstract In 2019, nearly 14 of every 100 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (14.0%) currently smoked cigarettes. Current strategies of tobacco use risk communication include using quantitative information to explain the likelihood that a consequenceof using aproduct will occur (to prevent initiation/encourage cessation) or to explain the reduction of risk when switching products or quitting. Although increasing numeracy (the ability to comprehend numerical information) can increase healthy behaviors, there is a critical barrier in research regarding how numeracy is related to risk understanding and decision-making around tobacco use. There is also a gap regarding how this relationship differs by demographic factors. My overall project goal is to examine the interrelationships among numeracy, risk perception, tobacco product use, cessation, and product switching. These findings will provide evidence for tailored risk communications for individuals with differing numeracy levels. In the F99 phase, we will analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal data to determine whether or not there are associations among numeracy, risk comprehension, and tobacco use behaviors, and if these associations differ by demographic factors. We will use these findings to determine who should be targeted with public health campaigns and how risk should be communicated. In the K00 phase, we aim to find, defend, implement, evaluate, and modify public health campaign strategies to disseminate risk information. Risk communication will be tailored for subpopulations with differing numeracy levels. Numeracy, risk perception, and tobacco-related behaviors are expected to be associated, providing evidence for tailored risk communication for subpopulations with differing numeracy. By identifying which segments of the population have low numeracy (F99 phase), these specific subgroups can be targeted with tailored educational campaigns that communicate risk in a numeracy-level appropriate manner (K00 phase). This project will use both objective and subjective numeracy measures, different types of risk perceptionmeasures, and will look at familiar (e.g., lung cancer) and less familiar (e.g., bladder cancer) tobacco-related health risks. We will analyze data from nationally representative data sets (The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), the Health information National Trends Survey (HINTS), and the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)) which contain demographic, tobacco use, risk perception, and numeracy measures. The proposed studies will explore numeracy and risk perception of tobacco-related diseases and will add to current literature in this area by focusing on its relationship with specific tobacco-related health behaviors: use, cessation, and product switching. This research will advance the field of cancer prevention by exploring how tobacco product risk can best be communicated to groups that need it. These communications will encourage healthy behaviors and decrease tobacco-related disease outcomes (such as cancer). The findings will help to inform who should be targeted with public health campaigns, how risk should be communicated, and whether these campaigns are efficient.