Assessment of approach-avoidance motivation in neuropsychiatric disorders

摘要 PAR-18 - 30 "行为功能领域的任务和措施的开发和优化" 鼓励开展研究项目，以制定和优化新的或现有的任务和措施， 研究领域标准（RDoC）。这一呼吁源于国家心理健康咨询委员会的工作组 理事会，确定了RDoC衡量工具包中的重大差距。在负价体系（NVS）中， 在这一领域，一个优先领域是需要行为范例来识别重叠和区别的领域 在激发防御性回避行为的NVS和正价系统（PVS）之间， 从而激发奖励接近行为。我们认为，接近-回避（AP-AV）范式 提供了一个有希望的解决方案。AP-AV任务本质上是行为方法测试， 对急性威胁的明显行为反应。本提案的目的是证明（1） 心理测量充分性（重测信度）和（2）诊断/预测效度的用户友好的 指导AP-AV任务，我们开发了用于评估与焦虑相关的心理社会功能障碍， 抑郁症、精神病和其他病症。我们的目标是建立在我们广泛的初步研究， 实验室致力于优化任务参数，措施和管理。这项工作有可能 产生一个易于使用和广泛传播的AP-AV任务，用于识别重叠和区别的领域 NVS和PVS之间的差异，以及适用于评估明显 对急性威胁的行为反应为了实现这些目标，我们将招募三组匹配的成年人， （健康，社交焦虑升高，社交快感缺失升高）。接纳焦虑和焦虑的群体， 快感缺失是评估诊断和预测有效性所必需的。参与者将完成 标准化临床评估，并在两个月内多次完成指导的AP-AV任务 神经影像学检查，间隔10 - 14天。在成像会话之间，生态瞬时 评估（EMA）将捕捉情绪、动机水平、现实生活中接近/回避的频率， 情绪调节策略的使用。这项研究具有重要的理论意义，因为它突出了 AP-AV动机理论与专门研究的相关性，以确定重叠和区别领域 NVS和PVS的区别这项研究是方法创新，因为它将产生一个用户友好的 具有强心理测量特性的AP-AV任务，用于行为（独立）或神经成像 research.结果数据还将为今后调查这些问题提供必要的经验基础。 AP-AV任务适用于年龄、能力和/或疾病严重程度差异很大的个体。

ABSTRACT PAR-18-30 “Development and Optimization of Tasks and Measures for Functional Domains of Behavior” encourages research projects that will develop and optimize new or existing tasks and measures for the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). This call stems from workgroups of the National Advisory Mental Health Council that identified significant gaps in the RDoC measurement toolkit. In the negative valence systems (NVS) domain, one priority area is the need for behavioral paradigms for identifying areas of overlap and distinction between NVS, which motivate defensive avoidance behaviors, and positive valence systems (PVS), which motivate reward-approach behaviors. We contend that approach-avoidance (AP-AV) paradigms offer a promising solution. AP-AV tasks are essentially behavioral approach tests that enable assessment of overt behavioral responses to acute threats. The aims of this proposal are to demonstrate the (1) psychometric adequacy (test-retest reliability) and (2) diagnostic/predictive validity of a user-friendly instructed AP-AV-task we’ve developed for assessing psychosocial dysfunction associated with anxiety, depression, psychosis, and other conditions. Our aims build upon extensive preliminary research in our lab devoted to optimizing task parameters, measures and administration. This work has the potential to yield an easy-to-use and widely disseminable AP-AV task for identifying areas of overlap and distinction between NVS and PVS, as well as a general AP-AV methodology that is adaptable for assessing overt behavioral responses to acute threats. To achieve these aims, we will recruit three matched groups of adults (healthy, elevated social anxiety, and elevated social anhedonia). Inclusion of groups with anxiety and anhedonia are necessary to assess diagnostic and predictive validity. Participants will complete standardized clinical assessments and complete the instructed AP-AV task multiple times during two neuroimaging sessions, separated by 10-14 days. Between imaging sessions, ecological momentary assessments (EMA) will capture mood, motivational level, frequency of real-life approach/avoidance, and emotional regulation strategy use. This research is theoretically significant because it highlights the relevance of theories of AP-AV motivation for research devoted to identifying areas of overlap and distinction between NVS and PVS. This research is methodologically innovative because it will produce a user-friendly AP-AV task with strong psychometric properties for use in behavioral (stand-alone) or neuroimaging research. Outcome data will also provide the necessary empirical foundation for future investigations into the suitability of AP-AV tasks for use with individuals who vary widely in age, ability, and/or severity of disorder.