Novel Genetically Encoded Indicators for Interrogating Neuron-Astrocyte Communication Across Timescales

项目摘要：项目4-用于询问神经元-星形胶质细胞的新型遗传编码指标 跨时间尺度的沟通 星形胶质细胞是大脑中最丰富的细胞类型，长期以来一直被认为主要是被动支持细胞。 来自实验室的大量证据表明，星形胶质细胞-突触显示出动态和双向的 与局部突触传递和神经调节能够塑造星形胶质细胞活动的关系 和PAP结构可塑性，以及星形胶质细胞形成突触和调节可塑性和信号 通过分泌因子和黏附分子。这些在理解星形胶质细胞生物学方面的关键进展 活体主要是由于现代技术的最新应用，最初设计的目的是研究神经元 直接操纵和审问星形胶质细胞。虽然星形胶质细胞的概念是完整的和 神经回路的调制成分正在出现，对致因和相关的机械理解 星形胶质细胞在神经环路中的作用及其对复杂行为的贡献尚不清楚。 这是必要的，并推动改进工具的发展。因此，大规模的蛋白质工程努力 开发一种改进的工具来解决未解决的问题，以实现对因果关系和 星形胶质细胞在神经元回路功能和行为贡献中的相关作用正在被提出。 提供的物品包括： 1.一套优化的红移谷氨酸、GABA、DA和NE传感器， 2.一套绿移和红移突触谷氨酸/氨基丁酸传感器，用于探测神经元与星形胶质细胞的连接。 和细胞外NT在三部分突触的瞬变，以及 3.探讨星形胶质细胞中PKA和钙的相互作用，并优化绿移和红移。 活体应用的激活剂传感器。 这些新传感器将被应用于研究1)依赖经验的变化如何驱动复杂的模式 神经递质或神经调节信号导致星形胶质细胞活动的变化以及2)如何 星形胶质细胞通过在不同时间尺度上的结构可塑性来调节突触活动。贡献是 意义重大，因为这些改进的工具将允许在星形胶质细胞生物学中测试新的假设。这 工具集将提供必要的工具来促进此处提出的实验，并为现场提供丰富的资源 全面开展星形胶质细胞-神经元相互作用的复杂行为和认知研究 无法通过当前现有方法访问的流程。

Project Summary: Project 4 - Novel Genetically Encoded Indicators for Interrogating Neuron-Astrocyte Communication Across Timescales Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, have long thought to be primarily passive support cells. Considerable evidence from the labs has shown that astrocyte-synapse displays a dynamic and bi-directional relationship, with local synaptic transmission and neuromodulation being capable of shaping astrocytic activity and PAP structural plasticity, and astrocyte shaping synapse formation and modulating plasticity and signaling via secreted factors and adhesion molecules. These critical advances in understanding astrocyte biology in vivo are primarily due to recent applications of modern techniques initially designed for studying neurons to direct manipulation and interrogation of astrocytes. Though the concept of astrocytes as integral and modulatory components of neural circuit is emerging, a mechanistic understanding of causative and correlative roles of astrocytes in operating neural circuit and contribution to the complex behaviors is still lacking, which necessities and drives the development of improved tools. Thus, a large-scale protein engineering effort to develop an improved tool to address unsolved questions to achieve a mechanistic understanding of causal and correlative roles of astrocyte in neuronal circuit function and contributions to behavior is being proposed. Provided items include: 1. a set of optimized red-shifted glutamate, GABA, DA, and NE sensors, 2. a set of green and red-shifted synaptic glutamate/GABA sensors to probe neuron-astrocyte connectivity and extracellular NT transients at tripartite synapses, and 3. interrogate cross-talk between PKA and calcium in astrocytes and optimized green and red-shifted kinases sensors for in vivo applications. These new sensors will be applied to study 1) how experience-dependent changes that drive complex patterns of neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory signaling lead to the changes in astrocytic activity and 2) how astrocytes modulate synaptic activity via structural plasticity across various temporal scales. The contribution is significant because these improved tools will permit new hypotheses being tested in astrocyte biology. This toolset will provide needed tools to facilitate experiments proposed here and provide a rich resource to the field to bring full swing the investigation of astrocyte-neuron interaction underlying complex behavioral and cognitive processes that are inaccessible via currently existing approaches.