Neuroscientific Exploration of Cultural Protective Factors in American Indians

项目总结 在过去的任何种族中，美国印第安人(AI)人口的自杀率增幅最大 十年来，精神健康问题的发生率很高，如创伤后应激、药物使用、焦虑、 和情绪障碍。然而，先前的研究和初步分析表明，人工智能实际上 当考虑到更高的水平时，表现出比更广泛的人群更低的心理健康担忧水平 风险因素(例如，创伤暴露)。现有文献表明，与人工智能文化相关的因素有 防止心理健康状况不佳。然而，关于文化因素(例如，文化、社会和文化)如何 支持)发挥保护作用。目前还没有公开发表的研究来检验脑出血的神经基础 人工智能文化因素的保护作用。填补这一空白是支持实验疗法的关键一步。 制定了解文化知识的预防和干预努力的方法。认知控制是一种 神经认知功能与许多精神障碍有关，可以用以下方法评估 经过验证的行为和神经成像任务，并已很好地描述了潜在的神经 电路。该提案的目的是(A)确定文化保护因素是否与行为 和认知控制的神经指标，如在脑电和功能磁学中测量的 磁共振成像和(B)开发一种实验性的文化识别范例，作为 未来了解文化的神经科学研究和干预/预防努力。 将使用基于社区的参与性研究(CBPR)框架来招募具有以下条件的参与者 完成认知控制、临床访谈、自我报告的多模式神经和行为指标 作为先前研究的一部分，对精神病理症状和全球功能的测量。他们将完成 关于文化融入、社会支持、全球运作和文化增进的自我报告措施 使用CBPR框架开发的范例。这些数据将为开发 旨在减少精神健康的文化知情、循证干预和预防努力 认可机构之间的差距。拟议的培训计划将扩大怀特博士在神经科学方面的专业知识 通过指导、课程作业和高级统计学实践培训实现认知控制的机制 方法、多模式(EEG/fMRI)神经成像、临床神经科学和文化信息研究。他 已经组建了一支非常适合提供他所需的多样化专业知识的导师团队 独立。马丁·保卢斯博士将提供神经成像和高级数据分析专业知识。 Aupperle博士将带来与神经成像和临床相关神经科学相关的丰富经验 接近了。洛博士将提供人工智能文化信息研究方面的专业知识和经验。培训 相关研究将在LIBR进行，这是一家致力于神经成像的最先进的研究所 旨在开发更有效的神经精神障碍治疗方法的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY American Indian (AI) populations have had the largest increase in suicide rates of any ethnic group in that past decade and have high rates of mental health concerns such as post-traumatic stress, substance use, anxiety, and mood disorders. However, previous research and preliminary analyses demonstrated that AIs actually display lower levels of mental health concerns than broader populations when accounting for increased levels of risk factors, (e.g., trauma exposure). Extant literature indicates that factors associated with AI culture are protective against poor mental health. Yet, little is known about how cultural factors (e.g., enculturation, social support) play a protective role. There are no published studies examining neural underpinnings of the protective role of AI cultural factors. Filling this gap is a critical step in supporting an experimental therapeutics approach to developing culturally informed prevention and intervention efforts. Cognitive control is a neurocognitive function that is implicated across numerous psychiatric disorders, can be assessed with validated behavioral and neuroimaging tasks, and has been well-delineated in regard to underlying neural circuitry. The aims of the proposal are to (a) determine whether cultural protective factors relate to behavioral and neural indicators of cognitive control, as measured during electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging and (b) develop an experimental, cultural identification paradigm to serve as the basis for future culturally-informed neuroscientific research and intervention/prevention efforts. A community based participatory research (CBPR) framework will be used to recruit participants who have completed multimodal neural and behavioral indicators of cognitive control, clinical interviews, self-report measures of psychopathology symptoms and global functioning as part of a previous study. They will complete self-report measures of enculturation, social support, global functioning and a cultural enhancement induction paradigm developed using a CBPR framework. These data will provide an essential foundation for developing culturally informed, evidence-based intervention and prevention efforts aimed at reducing the mental health disparities among AIs. The proposed training plan will expand Dr. White expertise in neuroscientific mechanisms of cognitive control through mentorship, coursework, and hands-on training in advanced statistical methods, multimodal (EEG/fMRI) neuroimaging, clinical neuroscience, and culturally informed research. He has assembled a team of mentors well suited to provide the required diversity of expertise he needs to achieve independence. Dr. Martin Paulus will provide expertise neuroimaging and advanced data analytic expertise. Dr. Aupperle will bring extensive experience related to neuroimaging and clinically relevant neuroscience approaches. Dr. Lowe will provide expertise and experiences in AI culturally informed research. The training and associated research will be conducted at LIBR, a state-of-the-art institute dedicated to neuroimaging research aimed at developing more effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.