Data and Methods Core

数据与方法核心摘要 研究人员和政策制定者需要更好的数据、改进的方法和严格的分析来最好地确定 哪些政策和举措在解决国家与阿片类药物相关的公共卫生问题方面是有效的，或者可能是有效的 危机。评估具体阿片类药物政策和倡议有效性的研究激增，但大部分 该工作使用可访问的现有策略数据集以及熟悉的差值和中断时间 系列分析。多项研究已经确定了这些方法在存在 异质的治疗效果和政策内生性。此外，尽管研究人员已经开始支付 更多地关注阿片类药物政策数据的定义和操作方面的不一致，而不是更少的关注 已经考虑到相同的政策对不同社区的不同影响 导致不同政策体验的脆弱性和结构性因素。也有越来越多的 社区环境本身影响阿片类药物滥用和危害的证据，引发了关于 不同的阿片类药物政策战略如何有效地与当地因素相互作用。这些概念 需要明确定义方法挑战，并将其传达给该政策中的所有工作人员 太空。作为一种全国性的资源，OPTIC积极满足这一需求，OPTIC的数据与方法核心 (公盟)在这一努力中发挥着至关重要的作用。在内部，DMC最大限度地提高了中心的效率和质量 通过提供必要的数据、工具和方法支持来开展高质量、创新的 研究。在外部，DMC是科学界的可靠资源，为支持 研究政策效果和社区脆弱性，发布有关数据和方法的教育资源 为了加强这类研究的严谨性，对开展这方面研究的初级调查人员进行培训 并传播关于评价影响阿片类药物的政策的最佳方法做法的信息。 相关结果。DMC将继续更新、跟踪、收集和记录与阿片类药物相关的信息 政策及其具体组成部分和时间表，按年分列(2000-2027)。我们将更新我们的 关于联邦和州政策方法的使用和/或有效性的综合文献综述 阿片类药物危机，继续把重点放在评价的方法严谨性上，并额外注意 不同种族/民族、社会经济地位和药物滥用类型对政策的不同影响 政策。我们将确定、构建和评估能够捕捉歧视的高风险的指标 在社区内实施和执行阿片类药物政策，我们将继续协助 在开发和测试处理复杂和动态政策的新方法方面的光学社区 环境。

DATA & METHODS CORE ABSTRACT Researchers and policymakers need better data, improved methods, and rigorous analysis to best determine which policies and initiatives are, or could be, effective in addressing the nation’s opioid-related public health crisis. Research assessing the effectiveness of specific opioid policies and initiatives has surged, but much of this work uses accessible existing policy datasets and familiar difference-in-difference and interrupted time series analysis. Multiple studies have identified shortcomings of these methods in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects and policy endogeneity. Furthermore, while researchers have begun to pay greater attention to inconsistencies in how opioid policy data are defined and operationalized, far less attention has been given to the differential impacts the same policies have on different communities in light of vulnerabilities and structural factors that lead to differential policy experiences. There is also increasing evidence that the community environment itself influences opioid misuse and harm, raising questions about how effective different opioid policy strategies might be given interactions with local factors. These conceptual and methodological challenges need to be clearly defined and communicated to all those working in this policy space. As a national resource, OPTIC has actively addressed this need, and OPTIC’s Data & Methods Core (DMC) plays an essential role in that effort. Internally, the DMC maximizes the efficiency and quality of Center work by providing the data, tools, and methodological support necessary to conduct high-quality, innovative research. Externally, the DMC is a reliable resource for the scientific community, providing data to support studies of policy effects and community vulnerabilities, publishing educational resources on data and methods to enhance the rigor of such studies, conducting trainings for junior investigators developing research in this area, and disseminating information on best methodological practices for evaluating policies affecting opioid- related outcomes. The DMC will continue updating, tracking, gathering, and documenting opioid-related policies and their specific components and timelines on a state-by-year basis (2000-2027). We will update our comprehensive literature review on the use and/or effectiveness of federal and state policy approaches to the opioid crisis, retaining our focus on the methodological rigor of the evaluations with additional attention to differential effects of policy by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and types of drug misuse affected by the policy. We will identify, construct, and assess metrics that capture the high risk of discriminatory implementation and enforcement of opioid policies within communities, and we will continue to assist the OPTIC community in the development and testing of new methods for dealing with complex and dynamic policy environments.