Data and Methods Core

数据和方法核心

• 批准号: 10456848
• 负责人: Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
• 金额: $ 40.14万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10456848
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Code; Communities; Community Health; Complex; Data; Data Sources; Databases; Development; Distance Learning; Educational Materials; Educational workshop; Effectiveness; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Equipment and supply inventories; Evaluation; Guidelines; Health; Human Resources; Infrastructure; Literature; Location; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Nature; Opioid; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Research; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resource Development; Resources; Review Literature; Role; Scanning; System; Techniques; Testing; TimeLine; Training; Variant; Work; combat; data archive; data repository; data tools; econometrics; education resources; effectiveness study; experience; illicit opioid; innovation; intervention effect; multidisciplinary; opioid epidemic; opioid policy; repository; research study; systematic review; tool; web site

ABSTRACT The opioid crisis is the result of a dynamic process that has been evolving for at least two decades. Tackling the crisis requires a multi-pronged approach that both accounts for illicit opioid markets and carefully considers contributing factors at each stage in the potential pathway from opioid initiation to opioid harms. There has been a substantial increase in research studying the effectiveness and unintended consequences of specific opioid policies and initiatives. However, the complex policy environment, rapidly evolving nature of the crisis, potential interactive effects of concurrently passed policies, as well as variation in policy implementation create significant methodological challenges for policy evaluations. To address these limitations, the objective of the COPR Data and Methods Core (DMC) is twofold: 1) build the essential infrastructure for maximizing the efficiency, consistency, and quality of the data and research throughout COPR; and 2) provide a key resource to the broader scientific community by providing the data needed for policy evaluation, supplying educational resources on necessary additional controls for understanding the opioid environment, and producing information on optimal methodological practices for evaluating opioid policies. The DMC’s multi-disciplinary team will compile multiple databases, undertake multiple causal inference techniques to help develop a set of methodological guidelines to enhance the scientific rigor of opioid policy research, and serve as a valuable resource for the development and dissemination of educational materials related to the Center’s data, methods, and tools. Databases will include findings from a comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of different policy approaches to the opioid crisis, whereby our team will identify and code relevant literature through a systematic review to develop an inventory system for flagging articles of particular types (e.g., using particular causal methods, focused on a particular policy) to support understanding what is currently known and unknown about the effects of interventions aimed at addressing the crisis. We will also assess, gather, and prepare raw policy data, covariates, and outcome data on a state-by-year basis (2000- 2020); this substantial undertaking, which will result in a publicly available comprehensive data repository, will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and the broader scientific community. Leveraging these rich data sources to examine associations between policies, specific policy components, and opioid outcomes, will both provide methodological assistance to Research Projects and facilitate development and testing of new strategies for causal inference. By creating distance learning website, policy briefs, workshop materials, and training materials for the Data Library, methods, and tools coming from the DMC and COPR Projects, we will ensure broad dissemination of critical tools and information through a single resource from which data and methods can be drawn to test innovations as they are implemented at local, state, and federal levels, and to advance our understanding of best research practices and policy efforts to combat the opioid crisis.

摘要 阿片类药物危机是一个动态过程的结果，这个过程已经发展了至少二十年。解决 这场危机需要多管齐下的方法，既要考虑到非法阿片类药物市场， 从阿片类药物开始使用到阿片类药物危害的潜在途径中每个阶段的影响因素。一直 研究特定药物的有效性和意外后果的研究大幅增加， 阿片类药物政策和举措。然而，复杂的政策环境、危机迅速演变的性质， 并发通过的策略的潜在交互影响以及策略实现中的变化， 政策评价在方法上面临重大挑战。为了解决这些局限性， COPR数据和方法核心（DMC）有两个方面：1）建立必要的基础设施， 整个COPR中数据和研究的效率、一致性和质量; 2）提供关键资源 向更广泛的科学界提供政策评估所需的数据， 关于了解阿片类药物环境所需的额外控制的资源， 关于评价类阿片政策的最佳方法做法的信息。DMC的多学科 研究小组将编制多个数据库，采用多种因果推理技术，以帮助开发一套 方法指南，以提高阿片类药物政策研究的科学严谨性，并作为一个有价值的 开发和传播与中心数据有关的教育材料的资源， 方法和工具。数据库将包括对关于以下方面的文献进行全面审查的结果： 不同政策方法对阿片类药物危机的有效性，我们的团队将通过这些方法识别和编码 相关文献，通过系统的审查，以制定一个清单系统， 类型（例如，使用特定的因果方法，专注于特定的政策），以支持理解什么是 目前已知和未知的旨在解决危机的干预措施的效果。我们还将 评估、收集和准备原始政策数据、协变量和各州逐年的结果数据（2000- 这一重大举措将产生一个公开的综合数据储存库， 作为研究人员和更广泛的科学界的宝贵资源。利用这些丰富的数据 研究政策，具体政策组成部分和阿片类药物结果之间关系的来源，将 为研究项目提供方法上的帮助，并促进新的 因果推理的策略。通过建立远程学习网站、政策简报、讲习班材料， 数据库、方法和工具的培训材料来自DMC和COPR项目，我们将 确保通过单一资源广泛传播关键工具和信息， 在地方、州和联邦各级实施创新时，可以制定方法来测试创新， 促进我们对最佳研究实践和政策努力的理解，以应对阿片类药物危机。