Smartphone app to examine effects of cannabis use on driving behavior

摘要 在大麻(Duic)影响下驾驶几乎使车祸风险增加一倍，医用大麻(MC) 代表DUIC高危人群的患者。R21旨在通过以下方式推进减少DUIC的努力 智能手机应用程序的创新组合，用于客观检测异常驾驶行为，生态 瞬间评估(EMA)和生物采样(Delta-9-四氢大麻酚：THC；大麻二酚： CBD)检查大麻使用对MC患者在真实世界条件下驾驶行为的影响。这 该项目建立在最近的工作基础上，这些工作研究了THC和CBD与现实世界驾驶行为的关系， 并通过使用EMA来获得关于主观大麻效果的细粒度数据来解决先前工作的局限性 在较长时间(最多28天)上驾驶之前，除了采集生物样本(THC， CBD)，在驾驶前与EMA报告进行探索性比较。这款R21也将评估“投入的努力 驾驶“(即，对大麻影响的补偿努力)，因为某些驾驶行为可能会被 “努力”以抵消大麻的影响，而其他驾驶行为可能较少受到补偿 行为。R21项目的目标是：(1)确定THC的程度，基于MC产品标签和 自我报告的使用量与异常驾驶行为(例如，突然刹车、摇晃)有关 真实生活；(2)检查EMA如何报告主观大麻中毒、大麻使用的长期性，以及 “努力驾驶”与现实生活中异常的驾驶行为(例如，突然刹车)有关； 研究目标：检测THC和CBD(驾驶前的生物样本)作为异常驾驶的预测指标。 真实世界的条件。为了实现这些目标，R21将招募符合条件的MC患者(N=70，50%女性)用于 试验期(n=10)和研究期(n=60)。在这两个阶段，参与者都要完成基准实验室评估， 然后是日常数据收集(EMA；手机传感器数据收集，用于客观检测驾驶行为 高准确率：&gt；96%)，在驾驶前采集生物样本(与EMA报告同时在 驾驶)，以及最后的数据收集后实验室评估和定性访谈。研究阶段 将使用定性数据来优化应用程序并确定要添加的新应用程序功能，以防止将来出现重复 工作。分析将探索性别差异。创新地使用智能手机应用程序进行目标探测 异常驾驶行为，结合EMA和生物采样(THC、CBD)，将提供重要的、 关于大麻(THC、CBD)的影响(主观和客观)和补偿性“努力”的新发现 推动MC患者日常生活中的行为，以实现急需的进步，以减少DUIC。

ABSTRACT Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) nearly doubles car crash risk, with medical cannabis (MC) patients representing an at-risk group for DUIC. This R21 aims to advance efforts to reduce DUIC through the innovative combination of a smartphone app for objective detection of aberrant driving behaviors, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), and biological sampling (delta-9-tetra-hydrocannabinol: THC; cannabidiol: CBD) to examine effects of cannabis use on driving behavior in real-world conditions among MC patients. This project builds on recent work, which examined both THC and CBD in relation to real-world driving behavior, and addresses limitations of prior work by using EMA to obtain fine-grained data on subjective cannabis effects prior to driving over an extended period (up to 28 days), in addition to collecting a biological sample (THC, CBD) prior to driving for exploratory comparison with EMA report. This R21 also will assess "effort put into driving" (i.e., compensatory effort for cannabis effects) since certain driving behaviors might be modified by "effort" to counteract cannabis effects, whereas other driving behaviors may be less subject to compensatory behaviors. R21 project aims are to: (1) Determine the extent to which THC, based on MC product labeling and self-reported quantity used, are associated with aberrant driving behavior (e.g., sudden braking, weaving) in real life; (2) Examine how EMA report of subjective cannabis intoxication, chronicity of cannabis use, and "effort put into driving" are associated with aberrant driving behavior (e.g., sudden braking) in real life; Exploratory aim: Examine THC and CBD (biological sample prior to driving) as predictors of aberrant driving in real world conditions. To achieve these aims, this R21 will recruit eligible MC patients (N=70, 50% female) for Pilot (n=10) and Study (n=60) phases. In both phases, participants complete a baseline lab assessment, followed by daily data collection (EMA; phone sensor data collection for objective detection of driving behavior with high accuracy: >96%), collection of a biological sample prior to driving (concurrent with EMA report prior to driving) for one week, and a final post-data collection lab assessment and qualitative interview. Study Phase will use qualitative data to refine the app and identify new app features to be added to prevent DUIC in future work. Analyses will explore gender differences. The innovative use of a smartphone app for objective detection of aberrant driving behavior, combined with EMA and biological sampling (THC, CBD), will provide important, new findings on effects (subjective and objective) of cannabis (THC, CBD) and compensatory "effort" on driving behavior in daily life in MC patients to enable urgently needed advances to reduce DUIC.