A comparative electrophysiological study on the mechanisms of selective attention

项目摘要 视觉环境充满了信息。视觉刺激，经常丰富， 细节，淹没我们的视网膜每一个清醒的时刻。理想的视觉系统会忠实地表现 然而，灵长类动物的视觉系统天生容量有限。 因此，视觉必须为特权下游选择可用刺激的一个子集， 处理.这种解析机制被称为选择性注意。 虽然人们对选择性注意力了解很多，但“关注什么”的神经生理学基础 “什么可以忽略”的问题没有解决。有人提出，企业资源规划的N2PC部分涉及 注意力的选择，而PD组件涉及干扰抑制。虽然这些 ERP组件的注意力已经确定，既没有一个明确的图片，究竟在哪里， 大脑中这些信号的来源，也没有一个彻底的理解这些信号是如何产生的， 传播到整个皮层以表现为观察到的行为现象。视觉区域，例如 作为V4区，是N2pc的假定神经发生器，但没有系统的 研究证明了这一点。同样，注意选择也被归因于额叶皮层的加工过程。 皮质区，如FEF。因此，FEF和V4等区域可能会相互作用， 来引起注意。 为此，本培训提案的主要研究目标是了解V4和 通过采用比较电生理方法，FEF相互作用以影响注意力， 人类和非人类灵长类动物。具体而言，目的是1）阐明电生理学 使用头皮记录的EEG在人类和非人类灵长类动物中的选择性注意的标记，以及2） 使用单单位神经生理学技术来确定这些变化是如何在 FEF和V4区单个神经元的水平。培训的主要目标是培养我的 我在人类和非人类灵长类动物电生理学方面的专业知识， 行为和认知心理学，直接连接人类和动物的认知模型，以及 因为它能更直接、更快速地将我的基础研究转化为临床相关应用。

PROJECT SUMMARY The visual environment is crowded with information. Visual stimuli, frequently abundant with detail, inundate our retinae each waking moment. The ideal visual system would faithfully represent the bulk of this information; however, the primate visual system is inherently capacity limited. Consequently, vision must select a mere subset of the available stimuli for privileged downstream processing. This parsing mechanism is known as selective attention. While much is known about selective attention, the neurophysiological basis of `what to attend' and `what to ignore' is unresolved. It has been proposed that the N2pc component of the ERP relates to attentional selection whereas the Pd component relates to distractor suppression. Although these ERP components of attention have been identified, there is neither a clear picture of where exactly in the brain those signals originate, nor is there a thorough understanding of how those signals propagate throughout cortex to manifest into the observed behavioral phenomena. Visual areas, such as area V4, are the putative neural generators of the N2pc, but there have been no systematic studies demonstrating this. Similarly, attentional selection has been attributed to processes in frontal cortical areas, such as FEF. Therefore, it stands to reason that FEF and areas like V4 might interact to produce attention. To this end, the primary research goal of this training proposal is to understand how V4 and FEF interact to influence attention by employing a comparative electrophysiological approach in human and non-human primates. Specifically, the aims are 1) to elucidate electrophysiological markers of selective attention in human and non-human primates using scalp-recorded EEG, and 2) to use single-unit neurophysiological techniques to determine how these changes are instantiated at the level of individual neurons in areas FEF and V4. The primary training goal is to develop my expertise in both human and non-human primate electrophysiology by complementing my expertise in behavioral and cognitive psychology to directly bridge human and animal models of cognition, as well as affording a more direct and rapid translation of my basic research to clinically relevant applications.