The Influence of Vaper and Smoker Identities on Young Adult Smokers Who Use Electronic Cigarettes

项目总结 在年轻的成年吸烟者中，电子烟(电子烟)的使用每年都在增加，但超过一半的人 开始使用电子烟的年轻成年吸烟者并没有戒烟，相反，他们成为了“双重吸烟者”。而当 双重使用可能导致香烟使用量的减少，这是使用电子烟对尼古丁的长期影响 依赖、吸烟行为和健康都是未知的。吸烟行为通常被认为是负面的。 其他。然而，识别为“电子烟用户”提供了一个更积极的社会形象，并允许 年轻的成年双重用户与吸烟者身份保持距离。吸烟者身份与 年轻人的吸烟行为。然而，目前还没有关于吸烟者和吸烟者身份的研究 身份相互影响，以及随着时间的推移，这些身份如何影响吸烟和蒸发行为。 这项研究的目的是1)进行两项在线调查，以检查吸烟和蒸发行为以及 18-29岁开始使用电子烟的年轻成年吸烟者的身份在6个月内发生变化 过去6个月；2)对50名完成 第二次调查，探讨社会认同和社会污名对吸烟和吸电子烟行为的影响；3) 在年轻成人双重使用者中验证Vaper身份和Vaping污名量表的测量。青年组(n=500) 在过去6个月内经常吸烟、以吸烟者身份和开始使用电子烟的人数 被招募来完成两份相隔6个月的在线调查。参与者将通过在线帖子进行招募 在年轻人喜欢的社交媒体网站上，包括Buzzfeed、TheSkimm、Craigslist和Facebook。 看到帖子并点击链接的年轻人将回答一系列关于安全 网站。然后，符合条件的参与者被问及是否愿意接受两项在线调查并参与 在在线面试中(如果选中)。那些同意的人将接受一项在线调查，并在六个月内再进行一次调查 后来。接受第一次调查的人中有80%(n=400)预计将参加第二次调查。共50% 完成第二次调查的年轻人将被邀请参加在线面试，以获得更多 深入讨论蒸发和吸烟的身份，以及这些身份是否/如何在6个月内发生变化。本研究 直接回答FDA的研究问题#4两用，#9通过检查影响 对营销信息的敏感性。吸烟者认同感较强的吸烟者更容易患上 烟草行业的营销信息。通过这种方式，电子烟行业可以增加对电子烟的易感性。 通过瞄准年轻人的身份来传递香烟营销信息。这些发现将通知FDA 关于电子烟行业营销信息和做法的规定。这些发现还可以帮助FDA 为可能不再以吸烟者身份的双重使用者开发有效的反吸烟信息以帮助 戒烟。

PROJECT SUMMARY Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing each year among young adult smokers but more than half of young adult smokers who start using e-cigarettes do not quit smoking, instead they become “dual users.” While dual use could lead to reduced use of cigarettes, the long-term impact of using e-cigarettes on nicotine dependence, smoking behaviors, and health are unknown. Smoking behavior is generally viewed negatively by others. However, identifying as a “vaper” (e-cigarette user) provides a more positive social image and allows young adult dual users to distance themselves from a smoker identity. Smoker identity is associated with smoking behavior in young adults. However, there is no research on vaper identity, how smoker and vaper identities influence each other, and how these identities influence smoking and vaping behaviors over time. The Aims of this study are 1) administer 2 online surveys to examine how smoking and vaping behaviors and identities change over 6 months in 18-29 year old young adult smokers who have initiated e-cigarette use in the past 6 months; 2) conduct on-line individual interviews with fifty of the participants who complete the second survey to explore the influence of social identity and social stigma on smoking and vaping behaviors; 3) validate measures of vaper identity and vaping stigma scales in young adult dual users. Young adults (n=500) who regularly smoke cigarettes, identify as a smoker, and initiated e-cigarette use in the past 6 months will be recruited to complete two online surveys 6 months apart. Participants will be recruited through online postings on social media sites popular with young adults including Buzzfeed, theSkimm, Craigslist, and Facebook. Young adults who see the posting and click on the link will answer a series of eligibility questions on a secure website. Eligible participants are then asked if they would be willing to take two online surveys and participate in an online interview if selected. Those who agree will take an online survey and another survey six months later. Eighty percent (n=400) of those who take the first survey are expected to take the second survey. Fifty of the young adults who complete the second survey will be invited to participate in an online interview for a more in-depth discussion of vaping and smoking identities and if/how these changed over 6 months. This study directly addresses FDA research questions #4 dual use, and #9 by examining identity which influences susceptibility to marketing messages. Smokers who have a stronger smoker identity are more susceptible to tobacco industry marketing messages. In this way, the e-cigarette industry can increase susceptibility to e- cigarette marketing messages by targeting young adult vaper identity. These findings will inform FDA regulations on e-cigarette industry marketing messages and practices. Findings can also assist the FDA in developing effective anti-smoking messages for dual users who may no longer identity as smokers to help extinguish smoking.