Rapid Assessment of Illicit Drugs in Wastewater

项目摘要/摘要 阿片类药物危机(滥用和误用)是一种全球关注的公共卫生和安全流行病，造成 美国每年有7万人死亡。获得阿片类药物使用的实时数据是一个主要的 这是一项挑战，因为这些信息仅限于人口调查和药物监测数据。有一件急事 公共卫生需要监测工具，以深入了解阿片类药物滥用/滥用的流行率 而不会让社区蒙羞。废水监测是一项行之有效的战略，可以确定需要 干预，而不是依赖急诊室的统计数据和过量用药死亡。但是，当前 废水药物分析需要昂贵的实验室测试，这涉及到劳动密集型样本收集， 运输和分析，导致长时间(数天)的周转时间。吉纳提议开发一种紧凑型， 便携式无标记石墨烯场效应管(G-FET)传感器，采用高特异性适配子 废水样品中阿片类药物代谢物的快速、准确、成本效益和多重监测。 因为与依赖于废水批量采样的现有方法相比，它产生的结果更快 流之后是昂贵、耗时的分析，这项技术将提供可操作的实时数据 成本仅为现有方法的一小部分，鼓励广泛使用。 第二阶段计划的目标是演示可用于现场的原型和测试方法 同时检测废水中多个阿片代谢物的水平为pg/ml。在第一阶段的工作中， 吉纳在废水样本中成功检测到三种阿片代谢物，这三种代谢物也与 街头海洛因使用：诺芬太尼(芬太尼的代谢物，一种合成阿片类药物)，EDDP(美沙酮的代谢物， 全合成阿片类药物)和去氧可酮(一种半合成阿片类药物，羟考酮的代谢物)。我们还将添加 吗啡(主要的海洛因代谢物，一种天然阿片类药物)加入我们的第二阶段计划。多个样本来自 废水处理厂将使用吉纳的传感器进行分析，结果将使用 金标准高效液相色谱质谱联用方法。吉纳将利用其在生物/传感器方面的先前专长实现这一目标 废水测试，并与由科学家、工程师和 环境废水流行病学家。一旦开发出来，这项技术也将适用于检测 任何可以制备适配子的目标非法药物。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Opioid crisis (abuse and misuse) is an epidemic of global concern to public health and safety, causing over 70,000 deaths annually in the United States. Obtaining real-time data on the use of opioids is a major challenge as this information is limited to population surveys and drug surveillance data. There is an urgent public health need for monitoring tools to achieve crucial insight into the prevalence of opioid misuse/abuse without stigmatizing communities. Wastewater monitoring is a proven strategy to identify areas needing intervention instead of relying on emergency-room statistics and overdose deaths. However, current wastewater drug analysis requires costly laboratory-based tests that involves labor intensive sample collection, transportation, and analysis, resulting in long (days) turnaround times. Giner proposes to develop a compact, portable, label-free Graphene Field Effect Transistor (G-FET) sensor utilizing high-specificity aptamers for rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and multiplexing monitoring of opioid drug metabolites in wastewater samples. Since it generates rapid results compared to incumbent methods which rely on batch sampling of wastewater streams followed by expensive, time consuming analysis, this technology will provide actionable real time data at a fraction of the cost of incumbent methods, encouraging broad use. The goal of Phase II program is to demonstrate a field-ready prototype and a test methodology for simultaneous detection of multiple opioid metabolites in wastewater at pg/mL levels. During the Phase I work, Giner successfully detected three opioid metabolites in wastewater samples that are also associated with street heroin use: Norfentanyl (a metabolite of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid), EDDP (a metabolite of methadone, fully synthetic opioid), and Noroxycodone (a semisynthetic opioid, metabolite of oxycodone). We will also add Morphine (main heroine metabolite, a natural opioid) to our Phase II program. Multiple samples from wastewater treatment plants will be analyzed with Giner’s sensor and results will be cross-validated using the gold standard HPLC-MS/MS method. Giner will achieve this by using its prior expertise in bio/sensors and wastewater testing and in close collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of scientists, engineers, and environmental wastewater epidemiologists. Once developed, the technology will also be suitable for detection of any target illicit drug for which an aptamer can be prepared.