Immunohistochemical and genomic analysis of tumors

已完成关于CD 171和PD-L1的大型研究。后一项研究支持将PD-L1开发为病理学实验室的临床标志物。PD-L1通常仅在胎盘滋养层细胞中表达，在神经中表达较弱，可能由许旺细胞表达。PD-L1在滋养细胞肿瘤中持续表达，包括绒毛膜癌、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤和混合性生殖细胞肿瘤的滋养细胞成分。在霍奇金淋巴瘤、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤和鳞状细胞癌中也证实了频繁表达。在胃肠道癌中，表达在具有错配修复缺陷和EBER阳性的肿瘤中更普遍。CD 171的研究表明对许旺氏肿瘤的亲和力和GIST中的罕见表达，这与先前的研究不同。由于其在GIST中的表达非常罕见，因此未发现CD 171是GIST的有用预后标志物，这与先前的研究结果不同。Sox 10和brachyury的大型研究也已完成。这些标记物通过提供更精确的肿瘤分类支持临床诊断和许多方案。我们还确定了细胞核β-连环蛋白表达是结节内栅栏状肌纤维母细胞瘤和鼻窦血管外皮细胞瘤/血管球外皮细胞瘤的典型和潜在的诊断特征，这两种肿瘤也有相应的CTNNB 1突变。我们还分析了儿童和腹膜后GIST，目前研究突变和融合作为GIST的肿瘤进展因素。我们与NIH研究人员Karel Pacak合作研究副神经节瘤的生物学、病理学和免疫治疗。

Large studies were completed on CD171 and PD-L1. The latter study supported development as PD-L1 as a clinical marker in the Laboratory of Pathology. PD-L1 is normally expressed only in placental trophoblasts and weakly in nerves, probably by Schwann cells. PD-L1 is consistently expressed in trophoblastic neoplasms, including choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and trophoblastic elements of mixed germ cell tumors. Frequent expression was also confirmed in Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinomas. In gastrointestinal carcinomas, expression was more prevalent in tumors with mismatch repair-deficiency and EBER-positivity. Study of CD171 demonstrated affinity for schwannian tumors and rare expression in GIST, which differed from a previous study. Due to its very rare expression in GIST, CD171 was not found to be useful prognostic marker for GIST, which differed from the results of a previous study. Large studies of Sox10 and brachyury were also completed. These markers support clinical diagnosis and a number of protocols by offering more precise tumor classification. We also established that nuclear beta-catenin expression is a typical and potentially diagnostic feature for intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma and sinonasal hemangiopericytoma/glomangiopericytoma, both of which also have corresponding CTNNB1 mutations. We also analyzed pediatric and retroperitoneal GISTs and currently study mutations and fusion as tumor progression factors in GIST. We collaborate with NIH investigator Karel Pacak on biology, pathology, and immunotherapy of paragangliomas.