Optically Induced Anisometropia

出生后不久，大多数婴儿就会出现近乎正视的屈光不正，然后在两边都保持不变 从童年到成年早期的眼睛。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，一个 有相当大比例且可能不断增加的人群患上异常屈光不正(目前 在美国，大约30%的年轻人有严重的屈光不正)。屈光不正是一种重要的 公共卫生问题，因为除了高昂的成本和与传统技术相关的并发症 光学和手术矫正策略，屈光不正可导致永久性感觉障碍和 导致失明的眼睛异常。 我们研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解人类的病因。 屈光不正。我们提出的研究的具体目标是确定视觉体验如何影响 屈光发育和表征视觉依赖机制的操作特性 来调节眼睛的生长。由于许多必要的实验不能在人体上进行，但我们的 目的是产生可应用于人类发展的知识，这些实验将 是用恒河猴进行的。受控饲养策略与光学和超声检查 测量技术将被用来确定：1)中枢和外周的相对贡献 视网膜对正视化和视力依赖的眼睛生长的变化。2)周边屈光的影响 3)视觉依赖机制的空间整合特征 来调节眼睛的生长。这些实验集中在与视觉角色有关的基本问题上 这些经验在以前的人类研究中基本上被忽略了。 总体而言，拟议的研究是确定视觉体验方式和程度的重要一步 有助于人类常见屈光不正的发生。这些研究的结果可能会 为人类屈光不正新的治疗和管理策略提供基础。

Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors that are then maintained in both eyes throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and possibly increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30% of young adults in the USA have significant refractive errors). Refractive errors are a significant public health concern because in addition to the high costs and the complications associated with traditional optical and surgical correction strategies, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of human refractive errors. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development and to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth. Since many of the required experiments can not be conducted in humans, but our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to human development, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Controlled rearing strategies and optical and ultrasonographic measurement techniques will be used to determine: 1) the relative contributions of the central and peripheral retina to emmetropization and vision-dependent changes in eye growth. 2) the impact of peripheral refractive errors on emmetropization, and 3) the spatial integration characteristics of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth. These experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the role of visual experience that have largely been ignored'in previous studies in humans. Overall the proposed studies are an important step in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. The results of these studies will potentially provide the foundation for new treatment and management strategies for human refractive errors.