A Prospective Investigation of Youth Alcohol Experimentation and Reward Responsivity

项目摘要/摘要 青春期是以认知和行为变化为标志的相当大的神经发育时期 包括更多地参与寻求新奇和冒险行为(例如，使用药物 实验)。大约8%的美国年轻人报告说，到年底为止，他们已经饮酒 六年级的学生。早期开始使用物质与使用物质的风险增加和其他 精神障碍以及成年后更大的心理社会困难。根据不平衡 青少年神经发育模型，风险承担增加是由于不同的发展模式 在大脑的额叶和纹状体区域之间。这种不平衡导致了较弱的抑制控制 在青春期，纹状体奖赏处理系统更加成熟。更改后的 额叶和纹状体之间的功能性神经连接模式在此之前已经观察到 开始使用物质，并可能成为发展的易感因素 物质使用障碍。然而，这一潜在的标记尚未进行前瞻性检查，在此之前 青春期，在年轻人中，支持早期但最小限度地接触酒精(饮酒)。的目标是 建议的研究是前瞻性地检查与奖励相关的fcMRI，作为未来药物使用的预测因子 9-10岁的年轻人，支持早期但最小限度地接触酒精(即饮酒)。检视 这个问题，作为ABCD财团的一部分，从大约11,500名青年那里收集的数据将是 使用。酒精和药物使用以及与奖励相关的功能连接性将在基线上进行检查 (9-10岁青年)和2岁以后(11-12岁)。归根结底，从 该项目可用于为公共卫生政策提供信息，以促进预防和早期干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of considerable neural development marked by cognitive and behavioral changes including increased engagement in novelty-seeking and risk-taking behaviors (e.g., substance use experimentation). Approximately 8% of youth in the United States report having used alcohol by the end of 6th grade. Early substance use initiation is linked to increased risk of substance use and other psychiatric disorders as well as greater psychosocial difficulties by adulthood. According to the imbalance model of adolescent neural development, increased risk-taking is due to different developmental patterns between frontal and striatal regions of the brain. This imbalance results in a weaker inhibitory control system coupled with a more mature striatal reward-processing system during adolescence. Altered patterns of functional neural connectivity between frontal and striatal regions have been observed prior to substance use initiation, and may serve as a predisposing vulnerability factor for development of substance use disorder. However, this potential marker has yet to be examined prospectively, prior to adolescence, in youth who endorse early but minimal exposure to alcohol (sipping). The goal of the proposed study is to examine reward-related fcMRI prospectively as a predictor of future substance use in youth aged 9-10 years old who endorse early but minimal exposure to alcohol (i.e., sipping). To examine this question, data gathered from approximately 11,500 youth as part of the ABCD consortium will be used. Alcohol and substance use and reward-related functional connectivity will be examined at baseline (youth ages 9-10 years old) and 2 years later (11-12 years old). Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this project can be used to inform public health policies to promote prevention and early intervention.