"Corral and Kill" strategy for HIV eradication using MSC in an SIV model

尽管存在HIV特异性细胞毒性T细胞和病毒特异性抗体，但HIV储库仍然存在。 在HIV感染个体的淋巴组织中，并对HIV治愈造成障碍。线索可能在早期 HIV感染在次级淋巴组织（包括肠道淋巴组织）中的致病作用和破坏 它们的结构和功能。需要新的组合方法来靶向根除病毒性 被感染的细胞R01申请的总体目标是研究 间充质基质/干细胞（MSC）在增强粘膜抗病毒免疫中的作用，并确定 联合ART的病毒抑制以及联合eCD 4-IG（一种HIV）的病毒清除 SIV抑制剂。我们建议利用SIV感染的非人灵长类动物艾滋病模型来研究潜在的 MSC与eCD4-IG或ART组合用于有效清除病毒感染细胞的治疗益处。 MSC是具有抗炎和免疫调节作用的成体干细胞， 治疗学我们在SIV感染的恒河猴艾滋病模型中应用MSC的初步结果 显示SIV感染的细胞重新分布到淋巴滤泡并增强抗病毒免疫。这将打开一个 通过使用MSC和一种新型有效的病毒抑制剂的组合来捕获和靶向病毒的新机会， eCD 4-IG，减少GALT的病毒库。我们将检验系统性MSC给药将 调节SIV感染恒河猴粘膜部位的抗原呈递和增强抗病毒免疫 艾滋病模型，并导致更好的病毒抑制和增加免疫恢复。该提案利用了 我们在MSC生物学、艾滋病SIV模型、粘膜免疫学和新型eCD 4-IG抑制剂方面的独特优势。 R01提案的总体目标是研究MSC给药对抗病毒粘膜炎的作用。 SIV感染恒河猴肠道淋巴组织免疫和病毒清除 目的1：研究MSC对肠道抗病毒粘膜免疫和病毒清除的影响 SIV感染恒河猴的淋巴组织。MSC将被注射到慢性SIV感染的动物中， 其对肠道淋巴组织和外周血中抗病毒粘膜免疫和病毒清除作用将 考察将检查AAV表达的eCD 4-IG与MSC施用组合的功效， 根除病毒阳性细胞和病毒载量。目的2：确定MSC施用对有效的细胞增殖的影响。 ART期间以及ART中断后肠道淋巴组织中的病毒抑制。SIV感染的猕猴 ART将在ART期间和ART中断后接受MSC，并进行病毒学、免疫学和分子学分析 将被执行。这项研究将提供一种创新的方法，利用MSC来增强抗病毒 免疫力，解决病毒相关粘膜损伤并诱导有效的病毒抑制和清除。

Despite the presence of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells and virus-specific antibodies, HIV reservoirs persist in lymphoid tissues in HIV infected individuals and pose obstacles for HIV cure. Clues may lie in the early pathogenic effects of HIV infection in the secondary lymphoid tissues including gut lymphoid tissue and disruption of their structure and function. Novel combination approaches are needed for targeting eradication of virally infected cells. The overall objective of this proposed R01 application is to investigate the potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) in enhancing mucosal anti-viral immunity and to determine efficacy of viral suppression in combination with ART as well as the viral clearance in combination with eCD4-Ig, an HIV and SIV inhibitor. We propose to utilize SIV infected non-human primate model of AIDS to investigate potential therapeutic benefits of MSCs in combination with eCD4-Ig or ART for effective clearance of virally infected cells. MSCs are adult stem cells that are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory and are investigated as therapeutics. Our preliminary results of MSC administration in SIV infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS showed redistribution of SIV infected cells to lymphoid follicles and enhanced anti-viral immunity. This opens a new opportunity to corral and target the virus by using a combination of MSC and a novel potent viral inhibitor, eCD4-Ig and reduce the viral pool from GALT. We will test the hypothesis that systemic MSC administration will modulate antigen presentation and enhance anti-viral immunity at mucosal sites in SIV infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS and lead to better viral suppression and increased immune recovery. This proposal leverages on our unique strengths in MSC biology, SIV model of AIDS, mucosal immunology and novel eCD4-Ig inhibitor. The overall objective of this R01 proposal is to investigate the effects of MSC administration on anti-viral mucosal immunity and viral clearance in gut lymphoid tissue of SIV infected rhesus macaques. Aim 1: To determine the effect of MSC administration on anti-viral mucosal immunity and viral clearance in gut lymphoid tissue of SIV infected rhesus macaques. MSC will be injected into chronically SIV infected animals and its effect on anti-viral mucosal immunity and viral clearance in gut lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood will be examined. Efficacy of AAV-expressed eCD4-Ig in combination with MSC administration will be examined for eradicating virus-positive cells and viral loads. Aim 2: To determine the effect of MSC administration on effective viral suppression in gut lymphoid tissue during ART as well as after ART interruption. SIV infected macaques on ART will receive MSC during ART and after ART interruption and virologic, immunologic and molecular analyses will be performed. The proposed study will provide an innovative approach of using MSC to enhance anti-viral immunity, resolve virus-associated mucosal damage and induce effective viral suppression and clearance.