Research Training at the Confluence of Infectious and Non-Communicable Diseases in India

这项为期5年的全球传染病培训补助金提案的目标是在印度建立一个研究和培训方案，重点研究传染病与非传染性疾病之间的相互作用。随着中产阶级的扩大、人口老龄化以及现代医疗保健和技术的普及，糖尿病和慢性呼吸道疾病等非传染性疾病在印度的患病率正在迅速上升。然而，包括结核病和急性呼吸道感染在内的传染病仍然是一个重大负担。印度也是细菌耐药性发展和传播的重要中心。传染病的高频率，加上非传染性疾病带来的巨大且不断增加的负担，促使印度需要具有非传染性疾病相关传染病（NCDAID）专业知识的科学家。该计划将在印度卡纳塔克邦迈索尔的JSS大学（JSSU）建立，这是一个医学教学中心，为迈索尔市和印度南部的周边农村地区提供服务。合作者包括同样位于迈索尔的印度公共卫生研究所（PHRII）、加州大学伯克利分校（UCB）和旧金山分校（UCSF）。这些机构的主要人员正在进行项目和合作。该培训计划将扩大参与这些合作的教师数量和项目范围，包括两个特定方向的项目：(1)现场流行病学和(2)分子流行病学。项目最初将侧重于与糖尿病和慢性呼吸道疾病有关的传染病。流行病学领域的硕士、医学或博士研究生（每年1-2人）将在美国接受6个月的培训，然后在PHRII和JSSU导师的支持下返回印度开展实地工作。博士学员将返回美国长达12个月，与他们的美国导师一起进行高级数据分析。我们还建议在JSSU建立一个数据监测和分析/管理系统，作为研究南印度非传染性疾病发展的长期培训基地。分子流行病学课程将包括在美国培训一名初级教员，为期2年，然后他将回国在JSSU建立一个分子流行病学实验室。然后，每年将有一名博士候选人在美国接受为期12个月的培训，然后他们将返回JSSU的新设施，帮助建立和完成他们的研究。每年将为受训者和教员举办分子流行病学、数据管理和分析以及指导方面的国内讲习班。因此，我们计划在JSSU建立长期的分子和现场流行病学研究能力，以解决由于印度非传染性疾病日益流行而导致的新出现的ID公共卫生问题。

The goal of this 5-year Global Infectious Diseases (GID) training grant proposal is to establish a research and training program in India focused on the study of the interaction of infectious diseases (IDs) with non-communicable diseases (NCD). NCDs, such as diabetes and chronic respiratory illnesses, are rapidly increasing in prevalence in India as the middle class expands, the population ages, and modern medical care and technology become more accessible. However, IDs, including TB and acute respiratory infections, remain a substantial burden. India is also an important center for the development and spread of bacterial resistance. The high frequency of IDs combined with the substantial and growing burden of NCDs drives a need for Indian scientists with an expertise in NCD-associated infectious diseases (NCDAID). This program will be established at JSS University (JSSU), a medical teaching center in Mysore, Karnataka, India, that serves Mysore city and surrounding rural regions of South India. Collaborators include the Public Health Research Institute, India (PHRII), also located in Mysore, and the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) and San Francisco (UCSF). Key personnel at these institutions have ongoing projects and collaborations. This training program will expand the number of faculty and range of projects involved in these collaborations to include projects along two specific tracks: (1) field epidemiology and (2) molecular epidemiology. Projects will initially focus on infectious diseases associated with diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory illnesses. Masters, medical, or doctoral candidate trainees in the field epidemiology track (1-2 per year) will train in the US for 6 months before returning to India to conduct their field work with support from PHRII and their JSSU mentors. Doctoral trainees will return to the US for up to 12 months to conduct advanced data analyses with their US mentors. We also propose to create a data surveillance and analysis/management system at JSSU that can serve as a long-term training site to study NCDAID in South India. The molecular epidemiology track will include the training of a junior faculty member in the US for 2 years, who will then return to establish a molecular epidemiology laboratory at JSSU. Then, each year a doctoral candidate will be trained for 12 months in the US who will then return to help establish and complete their research in the new JSSU facility. In-country workshops will be held annually for trainees and faculty in molecular epidemiology, data management and analysis, and mentorship. We thus plan to establish a long- term molecular and field epidemiological research capacity at JSSU that can address this emerging ID public health problem resulting from the increasing prevalence of NCDs in India.