The Impact of Third-Hand E#Cigarette Exposure on Platelet Function and Thrombogenesis

虽然吸烟一直在下降，但电子烟的使用一直在上升;特别是在弱势群体中， 人口。此外，即使三手烟（THS）和最近的电子烟的贡献， 吸烟对血栓性疾病发病机制的影响，第三手电子烟的参与， 香烟（THEC）在这种疾病过程中的作用仍然未知。因此，本申请概述了 研究，解决基本的，机械的，临床相关的翻译方面的不良健康 在血栓性疾病和血小板生物学背景下，以及在器械、电子液体和性别中，THEC的作用 具体方式。考虑到电子烟的“感知安全性”，这些研究具有至关重要的意义， 将使用新的/新的THEC暴露模型进行。我们建议的目的是： 目标1。研究THEC暴露对血小板依赖性疾病状态的影响。虽然 令人信服的证据表明，电子烟确实会对健康产生负面影响，THEC对血小板依赖性 疾病仍然未知。为了解决这个问题，我们将确定THEC暴露于 止血和血小板计数正常其后的研究会探讨临市局有否参与 血栓形成性疾病的发展。最后，我们将确定THEC对血浆“标记物”的影响。 血栓形成值得注意的是，我们的实验将以解决设备作用的方式设计， 电子液体介导THEC的“血小板”依赖性负面效应。此外，我们的初步数据显示， 首次表明，THEC，THS和电子烟会增加血栓性心血管疾病的风险。 目标2.研究THEC暴露调节血小板功能的机制。即使我们的 已发表的数据表明，THS和电子烟调节血小板活化，无论THEC是否产生类似的 效果（即，其调节血小板功能的机制）仍有待研究。因此， 本节中提出的实验的目的是确定THEC暴露对各种 血小板功能反应（例如，GPIIb-IIIa激活）、血栓素A2水平和生化“标志物” 血小板活化的迹象值得注意的是，我们的初步数据显示，THEC确实能增强血小板聚集， 聚集和分泌。 总的来说，这些实验将对我们理解 THEC/电子烟对血小板活化和人类心血管健康的影响，以及 它以装置、电子液体和性别特异性方式发挥这些作用的机制。

While smoking has been on the decline, e-cigarette usage has been on the rise; especially in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, even though the contribution of third-hand smoke (THS) and- more recently- e- cigarettes to the pathogenesis of thrombotic diseases was documented, the involvement of third-hand e- cigarettes (THEC) in such disease processes remains unknown. Consequently, the present application outlines studies that address fundamental, mechanistic, and clinically-relevant translational aspects of the adverse-health effects of THEC, in the context of thrombotic disease and platelet biology, and in a device-, e-liquid-, and sex- specific manner. These studies are of paramount significance given the “perceived safety” of e-cigarettes, and will be conducted using a novel/new THEC exposure model. The Aims of our proposal are: Aim 1. Investigate the impact of THEC exposure on platelet-dependent disease states. While there is compelling evidence that e-cigarettes do exert negative health effects, the impact of THEC on platelet-dependent diseases is still unknown. To address this issue, we will determine the consequences of THEC exposure on normal hemostasis and platelet counts. Subsequent studies will examine whether THEC participates in the development of thrombosis-based disease. Finally, we will determine the effects of THEC on plasma “markers” of thrombosis. Notably, our experiments will be designed in a manner that addresses the role of the device, and e-liquid in mediating the “platelet”-dependent negative effects of THEC. Furthermore, our preliminary data does show, for the first time, that THEC, THS and e-cigarettes increase the risk of thrombotic cardiovascular disease. Aim 2. Investigate the mechanism by which THEC exposure modulates platelet function. Even though our published data indicated that THS and e-cigarettes modulate platelet activation, whether THEC produces similar effects (i.e., the mechanism by which it modulates platelet function) remains to be investigated. Thus, the overall goal of the experiments proposed in this section is to determine the impact of THEC exposure on the various platelet functional responses (e.g., GPIIb-IIIa activation), thromboxane A2 levels, and on biochemical “markers” of platelet activation. It is noteworthy that our preliminary data shows that THEC does enhance platelet aggregation and secretion. Collectively, these experiments will make significant contributions to our understanding of the consequences of THEC/e-cigarettes on platelet activation and cardiovascular human health, and the mechanism by/through which it exerts these effects, in a device-, e-liquid-, and sex-specific manner.