Developmental Linkages Between Parenting Behaviors and Child Externalizing Behaviors From Early Childhood to Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Child Executive Functions and Self-Regulation

7.项目总结/摘要 青春期是神经可塑性的一个关键窗口，当环境输入，如养育，可以有一个 对青少年的行为和自我调节能力有重大影响，但对父母的作用的研究 行为仅限于儿童早期的影响。尽管一些研究已经证明了 具体的父母对自我调节和外化行为，没有研究到目前为止已经使用了一个 国家纵向抽样，以系统地审查这些发展联系， 从童年到青春期因此，目前尚不清楚父母是否会影响外化行为 并且潜在的自我调节能力是持久的（即，从年轻时结转），或者如果是唯一的 特定的免疫效应正在发挥作用。此外，养育子女的潜在机制是什么？ 行为会影响儿童的外化行为吗？为了解决这些问题，建议 这项研究将使用来自NICHD早期儿童保育和青年发展研究的现有纵向数据 （a）探讨三种亲职行为与儿童执行力之间的关系 功能，自我调节，和外化行为从幼儿期到青春期，通过使用单独的 每种养育行为和儿童结果组合的双变量交易模型;以及（B）评估 儿童执行功能和自我调节在养育子女的机制途径中的中介作用 行为影响儿童从幼儿期到青春期的外化行为。通过确定是否 父母教养行为可以发挥独特的亲职效应，并揭示了影响的机制 在整个发展过程中的育儿行为，拟议的研究将推进目前的理解， 父母的影响，并促进发展更有针对性的父母为基础的干预措施， 童年.本研究的结果将为未来的纵向研究设计提供信息， 社会经济和种族多样化的样本，以探索基于以下因素的养育效果的变化： 社会人口学和背景因素，以及使用双胞胎或收养研究设计来解开遗传和 环境影响。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Adolescence is a critical window of neuroplasticity when environmental inputs such as parenting can have a significant impact on adolescent behavior and the ability to self-regulate, yet research on the role of parenting behaviors has been limited to early-childhood effects. Although some studies have documented effects of adolescent-specific parenting on self-regulation and externalizing behaviors, no study to date has used a national longitudinal sample to examine these developmental linkages in a systematic manner from early childhood to adolescence. As such, it remains unclear whether parenting effects on externalizing behaviors and underlying self-regulatory abilities are enduring (i.e., carried forward from younger years), or if unique adolescent-specific effects are in play. Further, what are the underlying mechanisms by which parenting behaviors affect child externalizing behaviors across development? To address these questions, the proposed study will use existing longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to (a) examine the transactional linkages between three parenting behaviors and child executive functions, self-regulation, and externalizing behaviors from early childhood to adolescence by using separate bivariate transactional models for each parenting behavior and child outcome combination; and (b) assess the mediating roles of child executive functions and self-regulation in the mechanistic pathway by which parenting behaviors affect child externalizing behaviors from early childhood to adolescence. By identifying whether parenting behaviors can exert unique adolescent-specific effects and delineating the mechanisms of influence of parenting behaviors across development, the proposed study will advance current understanding of parenting effects and facilitate the development of more-targeted parenting-based interventions beyond early childhood. Findings from the this study will inform the design of future longitudinal studies with socioeconomically and ethnically diverse samples to explore variations in parenting effects based on sociodemographic and contextual factors, and use of twin or adoption study designs to disentangle genetic and environmental effects.