Analyzing the Impacts of Two Influential Early Childhood Programs on Participants through Midlife

项目摘要： 该提案寻求支持一个跨学科的团队收集和分析数据，以估计 对中年参与者的影响，以及对他们孩子的影响，这两个最重要的因素， 有影响力的幼儿教育计划：HighScope佩里学前教育计划（PPP） 和卡罗莱纳初学者项目（ABC）。这两个项目都针对弱势群体， 主要是非洲裔美国儿童。来自这些项目的证据是 在全世界范围内为幼儿园前教育项目开展大规模的活动。这两个方案都是 到目前为止，它是所有早期实验评估中随访时间最长的 儿童计划（PPP到40岁; ABC到34岁）。这些节目很有影响力 因为他们有长期的随访，显示出持续的有益效果， 成年我们正处于完成NIH支持的PPP后续调查的最后阶段， 年龄50.我们寻求支持，对ABC进行类似的随访，直到45岁。拟议 这项研究将以健康与退休研究（HRS）中使用的格式收集数据，HRS也是 用于收集50年购买力平价研究的数据。两项研究都将包括测量 （i）身心健康，包括代谢和心脏风险因素，以及抑郁症;（ii） 收入和就业;（iii）认知技能和执行功能;（iv）非认知技能， 包括坚毅和毅力等其他人格指标;以及（v）教育和健康 参与者的孩子的结果。对于这两种干预措施，我们将进行自我报告， 关于收入、就业、使用社会服务、犯罪活动和自我管理的行政数据。 报告和直接评估的健康和认知。我们还寻求支持，以分析 购买力平价和ABC数据使用相同的方法。我们对购买力平价和ABC的分析将说明（a） 他们的小样本;（B）偏离初始随机化方案;（c）测试的影响 对真实p值的多重假设;（d）非随机损耗;（e）污染偏倚， 当对照组使用替代形式的幼儿保育时，就会出现这种情况。我们将分析这两个数据 使用各种不同的纵向方法进行设置。我们将（i）进行动态调解 分析，以解释治疗效果的来源;（二）与实验估计的非- 对可比人口技能形成过程的实验估计;（iii）使用 实验数据与非实验数据相结合，以评估 最近用于预测长期结果的常用短期指标 采取的干预措施缺乏长期的后续行动。此外，我们将联合收割机的实验数据 和可比较的非实验数据进行回报率和成本效益分析， 考虑到干预措施的全部效益和成本，预测样本外 治疗和控制的好处。所有数据集将在完成时公开提供 本项目

Project Summary: This proposal seeks support for an interdisciplinary team to collect and analyze data to estimate the impacts on participants through midlife, and the impacts on their children, of the two most influential early childhood education programs: the HighScope Perry Preschool Program (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Both programs targeted disadvantaged, predominantly African-American children. Evidence from these programs is the cornerstone of wide-scale initiatives for pre-kindergarten programs around the world. Both programs were evaluated by RCTs and have, by far, the longest follow-ups of any experimentally evaluated early childhood programs (PPP through age 40; ABC through age 34). These programs are influential because they have long-term follow-ups that show persistent beneficial effects through young adulthood. We are in the final stages of completing a NIH-supported follow-up survey of PPP at age 50. We seek support to conduct a similar follow-up for ABC through age 45. The proposed study will collect data in the format used in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is also being used in collecting the data for the PPP at 50 study. Both studies will include measurements of (i) physical and mental health, including metabolic and cardiac risk factors, and depression; (ii) income and employment; (iii) cognitive skills and executive functioning; (iv) noncognitive skills, including grit and perseverance among other personality measures; and (v) education and health outcomes of participants’ children. For both interventions, we will have self-reported and administrative data on earnings, employment, use of social services, criminal activity, and self- reported and direct assessments of health and cognition. We also seek support to analyze the PPP and ABC data using the same methods. Our analyses of PPP and ABC will account for (a) their small samples; (b) departures from initial randomization protocols; (c) the effects of testing multiple hypotheses on true p-values; (d) non-random attrition; and (e) contamination bias that arises when control groups use alternative forms of early childcare. We will analyze both data sets using a variety of different longitudinal approaches. We will (i) conduct dynamic mediation analyses to explain the sources of treatment effects; (ii) relate experimental estimates to the non- experimental estimates of the processes of skill formation for comparable populations; (iii) use the experimental data in conjunction with non-experimental data to assess the validity of commonly used short-term indicators utilized to predict long-term outcomes in more recently launched interventions lacking long-term follow-up. In addition, we will combine experimental data and comparable non-experimental data to conduct rate of return and cost-benefit analyses that account for the full array of benefits and costs of the interventions, projecting the out-of-sample benefits for treatments and controls. All data sets will be made publicly available at the completion of the project.